This article analyzes the representations of Paris and St. Petersburg in Lou Andreas-Salomés 1898 novella Fenitschka . In Paris, which is dominated by the male gaze, the female title character becomes ensnared in gender expectations that constrain her behavior. In St. Petersburg, on the other hand, even though gossip remains a threat to her reputation and social standing, she seems to enjoy great freedom of development. In her depictions of St. Petersburg, Andreas-Salomé employs well-known myths of that city as representing an underdeveloped urban culture. This narrative strategy allows her to create a metaphor for womens different experience of modernity. (LD)

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The correspondence of the actress Auguste Brede (1784–1859) with the well-known intellectual Rahel Levin Varnhagen (1771–1833) allows a unique glimpse into a professional woman’s life during the Romantic period. Because the private letters were not originally written for publication, they permit a fresh perspective on the experience of actresses of the day. This study explores how Brede understood her professional and personal roles in the context of evolving discourses of professionalization, the theater, and the bourgeoisie.