There are significant differences between repaired and nonrepaired CDH infants and significant center variation in rate of nonrepair exists. Aggressive surgical management, leading to a low rate of nonrepair, is associated with improved risk-adjusted mortality.

The treatment outcomes from the microscopic minimally invasive approach to craniosynostosis are equal to those seen with the open approach. The microscopic approach results in less operative time, blood loss, and hospitalization.

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