RESUMOIntrodução: O assoalho pélvico feminino é formado por um conjunto de músculos, fáscias e ligamentos que sustentam os órgãos pélvicos (bexiga, ânus e vagina). A lesão destas estruturas, devido à idade avançada e parto podem levar à incontinência urinária. Entretanto, ainda não se sabe se o exercício de alta intensidade é capaz de lesar este conjunto músculo-aponevrótico, levando à incontinência urinária. Objetivo: Comparar a capacidade de contração dos músculos do assoalho pélvico entre mulheres sedentárias e atletas de elite, e verificar se existe associação com a ocorrência de incontinência urinária durante a atividade física. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle que incluiu 93 mulheres (49 atletas e 44 sedentárias) convidadas a responder o questionário "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -Short Form" e realizar avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico. As atletas (grupo caso) eram praticantes de corrida de longa distância, basquete e ginástica olímpica. As sedentárias (grupo controle) realizavam menos de 150 minutos por semana de atividades moderadas ou vigorosas. A aferição da pressão de contração foi feita por meio de um perineômetro digital de precisão. Resultados: Os grupos foram homogêneos quanto à idade e índice de massa corpórea. As atletas apresentaram maiores valores de pressão vaginal máxima (70,1±2,4 cmH 2 O) quando comparadas às sedentárias (34,3±1,7 cmH 2 O), (p<0,001). As atletas praticantes de basquete tiveram os maiores valores da pressão vaginal máxima (77,2 cmH 2 O) quando comparadas às ginastas (65,5 cmH 2 O) e corredoras (65,4 cmH 2 O). A prevalência de incontinência urinária nas atletas foi de 76% e somente 16% nas sedentárias (p=0,005). Conclusão: Embora a capacidade de contração do assoalho pélvico em atletas de elite seja superior às sedentárias, a prevalência de incontinência urinaria foi elevada neste grupo de praticantes de esporte de alto rendimento e alto impacto.Palavras-chave: incontinência urinária, esportes, diafragma da pelve. ABSTRACT Introduction: The female pelvic floor is formed by a set of muscles, fasciae, and ligaments that sustain pelvic organs (bladder, anus and vagina). Dysfunction of these structures
Background Female athletes are unaware of the influence of sports practice on health and usually do not report sexual or gynecological complaints during a regular Pre Participation Examination (PPE). Objective To propose a gynecological PPE for female athletes, assessing questions regarding unsupervised sports practice, sexual transmitted diseases, as well as consciousness of the coaches regarding their gynecological health. Design Observational cross-sectional study. Settings/Patients A total of 148 athletes participating in regular and competitive sports at the ‘Olympic Center of Training and Research for youth athletes’ in São Paulo – Brazil, during the first semester of 2010. Parents/guardians signed the informed consent form. Intervention The athletes participated in an informative lecture about relevant gynecological questions related to their health and sports practice. Subsequently, the subjects responded to a questionnaire evaluating gynecological features, together with the Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Results The study assessed 148 athletes, mean age of 15.4 ± 2.0 years, reporting 10.9 ± 4.0 h of practice/week. 50% of the participants described irregular menstrual interval, 23.0% ignored the meaning of sexual transmitted diseases and 72.4% had never been to a gynecological appointment. A total of 23.1% of the athletes complained of urine loss and 14.5% should be evaluated by a nutritionist regarding alimentary disturbance or use of diuretics or laxative for weight loss. Moreover, 89.0% ignored the occurrence of urinary incontinence in athletes and the definition of female athlete triad, and 81.9% affirmed that would not mention these questions to their coaches even if this would improve their health or performance. Conclusion The gynecological issues are usually underestimated in the follow up of female athletes. The PPE could be an excellent opportunity to provide a special care to young competitors, improving their knowledge about their body and health and most likely, their goals.
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