Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic disorders of myeloid lineages. The three classical MPN are polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). MPN are clonal disorders due to the acquisition of driver mutations, JAK2, calreticulin (CALR) and MPL, that affect proliferation signalling pathways. Proportion and repartition are different between MPN, but JAK2V617F is the most frequent mutation. These neoplasms expose patients to high risk of complications such as thrombosis, haemorrhage and phenotypical evolution [secondary myelofibrosis (MF), accelerated phase (AcPh) or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)]. The risk of evolution depends on the MPN subtype

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