Although a large body of literature recognises the impact of parent-teacher relationships on infant everyday experiences, less is known about the emotional experience and associated expectations of the adults themselves during earliest transitions. In the context of a multi-site international investigation across five countries -Brazil, Finland, Scotland, New Zealand, and the United States -the present paper seeks to address this gap. This research examines teacher and parent interviews to reveal expectations prior to and after the transition to ECEC, highlighting the associated emotions that arise during this process. Findings show that, irrespective of whether expectations are met, parents universally express insecurities and fears in relation to the transition. Parents are aware of the impact that the various aspects of the ECEC setting have on their child, and acknowledge difficulty in relinquishing control of the care of their child. Despite these concerns, parents consistently articulate their strong trust in the institution and the professional expertise of the staff. Correspondingly, teachers are keenly aware of the importance of their role in supporting families, and hold certain expectations for how the transition experience will play out accordingly. Regardless of country of context, the study shows that clear communication surrounding both centre and parental expectations establishes high levels of trust and ameliorates anxiety. Teacher-parent dialogues concerning routines, preferences, and anticipations are seen as pivotal in supporting a positive transition for all.

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The early dark energy (EDE) solution to the Hubble tension comes at the cost of an increased clustering amplitude that has been argued to worsen the fit to galaxy clustering data. We explore whether freeing the total neutrino mass M ν , which can suppress small-scale power, improves EDE's fit to galaxy clustering. Using Planck Cosmic Microwave Background and BOSS galaxy clustering data, a Bayesian analysis shows that freeing M ν does not appreciably increase the inferred EDE fraction f EDE : we find the 95% C.L. upper limits f EDE < 0.092 and M ν < 0.15 eV. Similarly, in a frequentist profile likelihood setting (where our results support previous findings that prior volume effects are important), we find that the baseline EDE model (with M ν = 0.06 eV) provides the overall best fit. For instance, compared to baseline EDE, a model with M ν = 0.24 eV maintains the same H 0 (km/s/Mpc)=(70.08, 70.11, respectively) whilst decreasing S 8 =(0.837, 0.826) to the ΛCDM level, but worsening the fit significantly by ∆χ 2 = 7.5. These results are driven not by the clustering amplitude, but by background modifications to the late-time expansion rate due to massive neutrinos, which worsen the fit to measurements of the BAO scale.

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