Measures of subjective wellbeing (SWB) are used to understand how people think and feel about their lives and experiences. But the measure used matters to conclusions about how well people’s lives are going. This research compares life evaluations and experienced SWB using nationally representative time use diaries, advancing previous research because diaries are less subject to recall biases than other, more popular methods. Analyses of over 20,000 US residents in 2012–2013 show life evaluations are more closely associated with positive and negative affect than experienced meaningfulness. Women have higher SWB than men except for negative affect, older age groups have higher SWB than middle age groups except for experienced meaningfulness, and younger age groups report the lowest experienced meaning. The unemployed have low life evaluations but experiences of SWB are similar across employment groups. A complete picture of SWB requires a complete set of measures.

Previous research on self-assessed intelligence (SAI) has been focused on sex differences to the exclusion of other pertinent factors, including objective and subjective social class differences. In this study, 343 participants completed an online questionnaire in which the salience of social class identity was manipulated and measures of self-assessed overall intelligence, participant sex, and objective and subjective social class status were obtained. Results showed that participants of a high social class had a significantly higher SAI when their social class identity was salient, but there was no significant difference in the SAI of low social class groups with or without their social class identity salient. Results also revealed significant sex differences in SAI, but only among participants of a high social class. Overall, these results suggest that social class salience may be an important factor in shaping SAI.

No abstract

Background Good employee health and wellbeing is of key importance to employers and the economy. The workplace can serve as a setting for health and wellbeing promotion. Financial incentives may encourage employers to invest in employee health and wellbeing. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of health and wellbeing financial incentives offered to small medium enterprises in the West Midlands, UK. Methods A cluster randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workplace health and wellbeing initiative with or without monetary incentives. We will evaluate the effectiveness of the financial incentive using a mixed methods evaluation approach. Discussion The trial will help establish whether small-medium enterprises will improve their health and wellbeing offer and achieve higher employee awareness and participation in the offer in response to a monetary wellbeing incentive. Trial registration AEARCTR-0003420 , registration date: 17.10.2018, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6582-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Contrary to much previous research, tiredness decreases with age. People who are more than 65 years of age are almost one point on a 0-6 scale less tired than people aged between 15 and 24. Clinical implications and methodological limitations are discussed.