Sox9 is a master regulatory gene involved in developmental processes, stem cells maintenance and tumorigenesis. This gene is expressed in healthy skin but even in several skin neoplasms, where its expression patterns often resembles those of the developing hair follicle. In this study, samples from eleven different types of canine skin neoplasms (squamous papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, infundibular keratinizing acanthoma, inferior tricholemmoma, isthmic tricholemmoma, trichoblastoma, trichoepithelioma, malignant trichoepithelioma, pilomatricoma, subungual keratoacanthoma, subungual squamous cell carcinoma) were immunohistochemically stained and evaluated for Sox9 with the aim to correlate tumor phenotype with molecular characteristics that may help to better define tumor development, contribute to its diagnosis and clinical management. Keratoacanthoma excluded, all the skin neoplasms examined showed a variable positivity to Sox9, especially in the basal layers, but with major intensity in neoplasms developing from the bulge region of the hair follicle, as trichoblastoma. According to our results, Sox9 could be employed as a stem cell marker to better assess the role of stem cells in canine epidermal and follicular tumors.
Highly stressful situations, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, induce constant changes in the mental state of people who experience them. In the present study, we analyzed the prevalence of some psychological symptoms and their determinants in four different categories of healthcare workers during the second year of the pandemic. A total of 265 physicians, 176 nurses, 184 other healthcare professionals, and 48 administrative employees, working in different Italian healthcare contexts, answered a questionnaire including variables about their mental status and experience with the pandemic. The mean scores for anxiety and depressive symptoms measured more than one year after the onset of the pandemic did not reach the pathological threshold. In contrast, post-traumatic and burnout symptoms tended toward the critical threshold, especially in physicians. The main determinant of psychological distress was perceived stress, followed by job satisfaction, the impact of COVID-19 on daily work, and a lack of recreational activities. These results increase the knowledge of which determinants of mental distress would be important to act on when particularly stressful conditions exist in the workplace that persist over time. If well-implemented, specific interventions focused on these determinants could lead to an improvement in employee well-being and in the quality of care provided.
INTRODUZIONE:Gli infermieri utilizzano il ragionamento clinico per guidare le azioni da porre in essere al fine di garantire alla persona un’assistenza adeguata. Il ragionamento clinico richiede tempo per instaurarsi nell’operato di un professionista sanitario e per tale ragione è necessario che questa competenza venga acquisita sin dall’inizio del percorso di formazione di base. Sono esigue le indagini che valutano il grado di acquisizione delle abilità di ragionamento clinico degli studenti infermieri. OBIETTIVI:Obiettivo primario è stato quello di valutare la capacità di ragionamento clinico degli studenti infermieri. Obiettivo secondario è stato analizzare i fattori correlati alle capacità di ragionamento clinico. METODI:La raccolta dati ha previsto la somministrazione della versione italiana dello strumento Nurse Clinical Reasoning Scale. Il Test di Pearson e il Test Anova sono stati utilizzati per esplorare i fattori connessi al ragionamento clinico. RISULTATI:205 studenti hanno risposto al questionario. Gli studenti hanno dichiarato difficoltà nel porre in essere alcune abilità utili allo sviluppo del ragionamento clinico. L’anno di corso (p<0.001), la motivazione dello studente (p=0.04), il numero di ore di tirocinio svolte (p< 0.001) e il numero di esperienze di tirocinio intraprese (p<0.001) hanno mostrato una correlazione statisticamente significativa con il ragionamento clinico. Dai risultati è emerso, inoltre, che, indipendentemente dalla modalità di svolgimento del tirocinio clinico, gli studenti hanno sviluppato in egual modo abilità di ragionamento (p=0.62). CONCLUSIONI:Da questa indagine è emersa l’importanza di misurare le abilità di ragionamento clinico degli studenti infermieri. Future indagini dovrebbero essere condotte per confermare i risultati ottenuti.
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