No abstract

Patients' low adherence to medical treatment in chronic illnesses is one of the biggest public health problems. Numerous studies attend to the diverse factors associated with patient adherence. However, little research has been done to explore patients' reasons for non-compliance from their own point of view. In this article, we aim to understand patient non-adherence using dialogical self-theory and qualitative research methods. We interviewed 51 hypertensive patients to explore their anti- and pro-adherence motivations. Results show that most patients adhere and non-adhere to different aspects of treatment programs (medication, exercise, diet) according to the way they construct meaning to those activities. Also, our findings support the notion that patients' non-adherent behavior aims to preserve important values such as self-esteem, autonomy, affiliation, well-being, freedom, and health (or that more adherence is not worth the extra effort). We discuss the therapeutic relevance of empathically understanding patients' worldview and implicit beliefs.

In the last years the focus in dentistry has shifted to an "esthetic dentistry" approach, where patients are concerned about reaching a better look of their teeth. Vital tooth bleaching is a technique with immediate results, which improves the appearance and patient's self-esteem. The aim of this study was to recognize personality characteristics determined by the Millon Index of Personality Styles of participants looking for tooth bleaching and to correlate them to satisfaction with the treatment. Forty participants were included and filled out the Millon Index of Personality Styles form before treatment. Expectation about tooth bleaching was quantified from 1 to 5. Patients were treated with bleaching agent according to manufacturer's directions. One week after treatment, the patient's satisfaction was quantified from 1 to 5. Prevailing personality characteristics were determined. Expectations and satisfaction values of all patients were correlated with each of the presented personality scales by Spearman Rho test. Ten scales prevailed over their counterpart. Median of patient's expectation was 2 and satisfaction 4. Only the score of a single characteristic (extraversing) showed statistically significant correlation with patient satisfaction. Patients looking for tooth bleaching treatment seem to have common personality characteristics. Almost all of them wanted to achieve a moderate change in teeth color and the result of the treatment was usually satisfactory.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer la evaluación subjetiva de la terapia y el proceso de cambio terapéutico, así como los elementos que lo hacen posible, desde la perspectiva de 8 terapeutas mujeres que trabajan con pacientes mujeres con anorexia nerviosa, tanto en centros especializados como en atención particular. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, aplicando entrevistas episódicas, las que fueron analizadas según los fundamentos de la grounded theory. Los resultados proponen la existencia de 3 etapas, denominadas psicoeducación, interpretativa y mantención, que estarían contribuyendo a la explicación de la evolución del proceso psicoterapéutico en este tipo de pacientes, así como los factores que estarían facilitando u obstaculizando la consecución de cambios terapéuticos. Entre los facilitadores, se establece la alianza como el factor primordial que promueve el cambio terapéutico, mientras que las características propias de la anorexia, tales como la resistencia al cambio, se presentan como el mayor obstaculizador. Se discuten los hallazgos encontrados a la luz de la proposición de un modelo explicativo del fenómeno. Palabras clave: proceso psicoterapéutico, cambio terapéutico, trastorno alimentario, terapeutaThis study aimed to understand the subjective evaluation of therapy and the process of therapeutic change, as well as the elements that make this possible, from the perspective of 8 women therapists working with patients with anorexia nervosa, both in specialized centers and private practice. A qualitative methodology was applied, using episodic interviews, which were analyzed using the principles of grounded theory. The results suggest the existence of 3 stages that have been labeled psychoeducation, interpretative, and maintenance, which may help to explain the evolution of the psychotherapeutic process in these patients, as well as the factors that facilitate or hinder the achievement of therapeutic changes. Among the facilitators, alliance is established as the primary factor that promotes therapeutic change, while the characteristics of anorexia, such as resistance to change, are presented as the strongest hindering factors. The findings are discussed in light of a proposed explanatory model of the phenomenon.Keywords: psychotherapeutic process, therapeutic change, eating disorders, therapist Los trastornos alimentarios constituyen en la actualidad cuadros de gran relevancia social, especialmente en la población de más alto riesgo: mujeres jóvenes y adolescentes de países desarrollados o en vías de desarrollo (Peláez, Labrador & Raich, 2005). Se trata de enfermedades psicosomáticas que figuran entre los problemas de salud que se presentan con mayor frecuencia entre los adolescentes y cuya letalidad es la más alta entre los problemas psiquiátricos (Cruzat, Ramírez, Melipillán & Marzolo, 2008). A esto se suma que la incidencia de la anorexia nerviosa María Cecilia Besser Spichiger, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laura Moncada Ar...

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Emprendedora y entusiasta por la vida la Mtra. Caballero adquirió la mayor parte de su experiencia a través del trabajo con organizaciones sin fines de lucro, donde ha tenido la oportunidad de trabajar con niñas, niños, y mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica. A través de actividades especializadas en la psicoeducación, terapia de arte, terapia recreacional fundamentados en entrevistas y evaluaciones a ofensores de violencia doméstica, ha podido apoyar a la comunidad hispana y colaborar con el Consulado Mexicano en Denver, para mejorar la atención y la ayuda a dicha comunidad.</span></p>