Background The FACE-Q rhinoplasty module (nose and nostrils), Utrecht Questionnaire and NOSE-scale are validated Dutch patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate rhinoplasty satisfaction. The objective of this study was to analyze the dimensionality of the measured variables in these four existing questionnaires. Additionally, we investigated the ability of the PROMS to measure change. Methods A prospective single center study was performed in a consecutive cohort of 106 Dutch-speaking patients. Patients were invited to fill in four PROMs: FACE-Q rhinoplasty module (nose and nostrils), Utrecht Questionnaire and NOSE-scale, preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Item quality was calculated in all four questionnaires. The ability of the questionnaires to differentiate between pre-and postoperative patients was determined with a binary logistic regression. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the latent dimensions. Results Item quality was confirmed in all questionnaires. Backward binary logistic regression revealed that NOSE and FACE-Q nose module were the best discriminant factors pre- and postoperatively. Combination of these two questionnaires gave a specificity of 97,33% and a sensitivity of 94.52% to discriminate between pre-and post-operative cases. Exploratory factor analysis identified the presence of 4 dimensions: 1) cosmesis of the nose 2) cosmesis of the nostrils 3) nasal function and 4) psychosocial well-being in rhinoplasty patients. Lack of factorial invariance in the pre- as compared to the postoperative phase was detected, especially with the FACE-Q nose and to a lesser extent with the Utrecht questionnaire.

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Objective: The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey is a validated instrument for patients undergoing rhinoplasty surgery. The aim of this study was to validate a Dutch-language version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey. Methods: The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey was translated and back-translated and 10 Dutch-speaking rhinoplasty patients were interviewed to evaluate the translation. The translated version was administered to 25 rhinoplasty patients (cases) and 25 controls at 2-week intervals. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and factor structure of Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey were measured. Results: Both the obstructive domain of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey and the cosmetic domain showed a high internal consistency, alpha 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey was reliable showing very strong test-retest correlations of 0.93 for Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey-obstructive domain and 0.94 for Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey-cosmetic domain, respectively. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed a significant difference between cases and controls for the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey-cosmetic domain (P = .0001) but not for the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey-obstructive domain (P = .14). Exploratory factor analysis showed unidimensionality for both the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey-cosmetic domain and the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey-obstructive domain. Conclusion: The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey was successfully translated, culturally adopted, and validated for its use in a Dutch-speaking population of rhinoplasty patients.