As standard treatments are not licensed for use in the infantile population, the treatment of scabies in this age group can be challenging. We review the relevant evidence to determine the roles of topical permethrin and oral ivermectin in the management of infantile scabies. Demographic and clinical data were collected from relevant English articles published from January 2000 to December 2020. Complete resolution was observed in 100% of infants younger than two months treated with permethrin, and 87.6% of infants aged 12 months or less and/or children weighing under 15 kg treated with ivermectin. Adverse effects from permethrin use were limited to local eczematous reactions. Adverse effects from ivermectin use included mildly elevated creatine kinase levels, eczema flare-ups, diarrhoea, vomiting, irritability, pruritus and pustular skin reactions. Overall, both permethrin and ivermectin appear to have an acceptable safety profile in infants. Permethrin is highly effective as a first-line therapy for scabies in infants younger than two months. Ivermectin use is recommended when authorised topical treatment has failed, in crusted scabies, in cases where compliance with topical agents may be problematic, and in infants with severely inflamed or broken skin where prescription of topical therapies would likely cause cutaneous and systemic toxicity. Additional high-quality studies are needed to guide best practice in the management of infantile scabies.

Self-limited Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) represents a rare, congenital, cutaneous form of LCH associated with a good prognosis. Only 35 cases of solitary lesion self-limited LCH have been reported. Herein, we present an additional case in a 3-month-old boy who presented with an isolated pigmented nodule on his left posterior shoulder, which had been present since birth. Punch biopsy showed histopathologic features of LCH with positive CD1a and CD68 stains. Further examination and investigation showed no features of systemic involvement. The lesion spontaneously resolved within 2 months, and there has been no evidence of recurrence on follow up. As several cases of recurrence and complications have been reported in self-limited LCH, we emphasize the need for long-term, and perhaps indefinite, follow up for symptoms and signs associated with LCH in these patients.

Clinically, there is a continuum between actinic keratosis, intraepidermal carcinoma (also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ) and early squamous cell carcinoma that makes a reliable distinction between these entities extremely difficult. Each of the lesions in this continuum can be quite variable in clinical appearance, and there are often no clear distinguishing features, making it difficult to determine whether an individual actinic keratosis has evolved into intraepidermal carcinoma or invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

Although histopathological dermal elastosis is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of photoageing, noninvasive methods for quantifying the amount of photodamage to skin are clearly preferable. This study is the first to survey five noninvasive methods of assessing photoageing (clinical examination, spectrophotometry, skin surface topography, reflectance confocal microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy) in the same individual. Measurements for each noninvasive method were compared across nine individuals from three participant groups ('younger', 'older' and 'photodamaged') in UV-protected volar and UV-exposed dorsal forearm skin. Overall, participants in the younger group had the lowest measures of photodamage, while those in the photodamaged group had the highest, as indicated by each modality. The five noninvasive strategies surveyed in this study may demonstrate potential as a suitable methodology for the quantification of photoageing. The advantage of such noninvasive methods is that they allow for skin visualisation in vivo and repeated assessments of the same site. The main limitation of this study was its small sample size, which may have precluded many findings of statistical significance.