All exercises including the novel clip-applying model demonstrated good acceptability and evidence of construct validity (face, content, concurrent and convergent validity) for assessment of basic laparoscopic skill for urologic surgeons.

In this multi-institutional study we successfully demonstrated the construct and internal validity of an objective assessment of cystoscopic and ureteroscopic cognitive and technical skills, including laser lithotripsy.

The BLAST™ pyeloplasty model demonstrated evidence of acceptability and content, face, and construct validity for training practicing urologists to perform laparoscopic pyeloplasty.

The SimPORTAL MVI model is a feasible low-cost model that would be well appreciated as a part of laparoscopic curriculum for residents. Minor improvements, including pressure measurement in the vessel for task assessment, will be made in the future, and further studies are necessary to definitively validate this model.

This model successfully allowed for the demonstration of hemorrhage and airway management skills with high anatomic and tissue fidelity. For the assessment of critical lifesaving skills that are nondestructive in nature, the use of a fresh perfused cadaveric model is feasible and suitable for evaluation of these procedures.