ABSTRACT. A diverse Late Carboniferous (Westphalian D; Moscovian) vertebrate ichnofaunal assemblage from the Alveley Member (Salop Formation, Warwickshire Group) of Alveley, southern Shropshire, UK, is a signi®cant example of an early, transitional tetrapod community. Positive tetrapod footprint casts (convex hyporeliefs) within ®ne-and medium-grained sandstone red-beds were formed subaqueously in an alluvial¯oodplain setting. A statistical analysis of this material, the ®rst using multivariate techniques on Late Palaeozoic trackways, has been undertaken to determine the ichnospeci®c diversity and morphological variation within the ichno-assemblage. Nine ichnotaxa have been identi®ed, following a study of more than 200 trackways. These include the amniote ichnogenera Dimetropus Romer and Price, 1940, Ichniotherium Pohlig, 1885 and Hyloidichnus Gilmore, 1927, but there is a dominance of trackways of the ichnogenus Limnopus Marsh, 1894, which represent stem-lissamphibian`temnospondyls'. Following statistical analysis, the ichnogenera Limnopus and Batrachichnus are subsumed as ichnosubgenera under the senior available name Limnopus. The Alveley ichnofaunal assemblage provides signi®cant range extensions for a number of amniote and stem-lissamphibian trackmakers from the latest Carboniferous or Permian down into the mid-Late Carboniferous. It also marks a key transitional stage in the evolution of tetrapod communities, from the`amphibian' grade assemblages of the Carboniferous to the more terrestrial, amniote-dominated communities of the Early Permian.

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Hypothermia therapy, better known as targeted temperature management (TTM), has increased in popularity in the past several years and has only proven benefits in the setting of cardiac arrest. It has been unsuccessful or not sufficiently proven in traumatic brain injury,bacterial meningitis, cerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. TTM has been shown to decrease intracranial pressure and is used in the management of refractory intracranial pressure despite recent evidence suggesting harm.