RESUMENous proposons une réflexion méthodologique sur les choix adéquats dans le cadre d’une étude sur les stratégies d’acquisition du français écrit (L2 pour les sourds) chez quatre enfants sourds profonds de 5 ans, locuteurs L1 de la langue des signes française, notre hypothèse étant que, du fait de leur surdité, ces enfants empruntent des voies différentes de celles des enfants entendants. Nous rendons compte des questionnements méthodologiques posés par l’élaboration des critères d’analyse du corpus d’écrits, questions liées au grand nombre de variables à prendre en compte, aux dimensions à la fois linguistiques, cognitives, sociolinguistiques et didactiques de l’étude et à la nécessité d’adapter le cadre théorique choisi, conçu pour des entendants et impliquant d’autres langues. Nous présentons au final les tout premiers résultats de l’analyse conduite sur des échantillons d’écrits.
In this mini-review, we investigate the role sign language (SL) might play in the development of deaf learners' reading skills. Since Stokoe's recognition, in the 1960s, of American Sign Language (ASL) as a language in its own right, the ASL has been progressively included in the research on the development of reading in the deaf, but with different statuses. Two contrasting paradigms can thus be identified in the literature. The first considers that sign language (SL) plays an indirect role in the development of reading skills. In line with the dominant psycholinguistic model of reading acquisition in hearing children, the authors consider that deaf children must first develop phonological representations in order to learn to read, like their hearing peers. For the authors of the second paradigm, SL plays a direct and central role in deaf children's access to reading as long as an appropriate visual (rather than phonological) mediation is made between the SL and the written language. We propose to present an overview of studies in both paradigms, in the American and French contexts. Then, we defend the idea of a “deaf norm”, operating both in SL structuring and in information processing in general, justifying the central position that SL must have in any learning by deaf people. We will conclude by outlining some promising avenues for teaching reading to deaf learners.
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