The authors define broaching as the counselor's ability to consider how sociopolitical factors such as race influence the client's counseling concerns. The counselor must learn to recognize the cultural meaning clients attach to phenomena and to subsequently translate that cultural knowledge into meaningful practice that facilitates client empowerment, strengthens the therapeutic alliance, and enhances counseling outcomes. A continuum of broaching behavior is described, and parallels are drawn between the progression of broaching behavior and the counselor's level of racial identity functioning.

Humanistic counseling and supervision place an emphasis on authenticity and connection, two concepts that relate to vulnerability. Authenticity and vulnerability can lead to growth in the context of the supervisory relationship. Relational-cultural supervision is discussed as a humanistic approach that can be used in promoting vulnerability and counselor development.

Strength‐based counseling represents a welcome shift from prevailing deficit perspectives. However, the literature often treats enhancing strengths as an acultural concept, minimizing or ignoring the essential role of culture in forming and defining strengths. Integrating cultural competence and advocacy into strength‐based practice is examined as an antidote to ethnocentric practice.