Background A medical teacher has a very complex job profile, wherein they are expected to train a cohort of newly joined medical aspirants to competent health care professionals. The current study was conducted to identify the challenges faced by the faculty members in medical teaching and to assess the perception of teachers on the role of medical education workshops in addressing these challenges. Methods It was a Mixed Methods study conducted over a period of 9 months from January to September 2021 in a tertiary teaching medical college and hospital of Chengalpet District of Tamil Nadu amongst the faculty members of the teaching medical college and hospital. In the first phase, universal sampling method was employed, wherein all faculty members were asked to fill the online semi-structured questionnaire. In the second phase, purposive sampling was employed, wherein all teachers who have a minimum teaching experience of 3 years and have attended any medical education workshop were included and interviewed using a focus group discussion guide. The quantitative date was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data was analyzed using manual content analysis. Results In the quantitative phase, 149 faculty members filled the online questionnaire, of which majority were females (52.3%) and were from the clinical departments (63.1%). The manual thematic content analysis of the FGD resulted in the identification of two themes (challenges and utility of workshops). The challenges theme consisted of three categories of Faculty, Students, and Administration, while Utility of workshops theme included two categories of refinement of skills, and suggestions for future Conclusion In conclusion, lack of teamwork in the department, multiple responsibilities assigned to a single person, and shortage of clinical material during COVID-19 were identified as the main challenges in teaching–learning. The medical education workshops play a significant role in improving the knowledge of various domains of teaching and assessment, introduction of innovations, and ensure better performance of the faculty members.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were (i) to study the distribution pattern of adverse effects of bronchodilators at initiation or during the course of therapy, (ii) to make a causality assessment of adverse effect identified using the WHO adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale, and (iii) to identify next drug tolerated better by him/her. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study that lasted for duration of 2 months. Inclusion Criteria: All patients reporting ADR after initiation of bronchodilator or during the course of bronchodilator therapy for bronchial asthma/ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within the study period were included in the study. The suspected adverse effect was noted and documented. Causality assessment based on the WHO scale was employed. Results: During the study period, ten patients reported to have ADR for bronchodilators were identified and the WHO Causality Scale for ADR was applied and the better drug tolerated by the patient was noted. Conclusion: Inhalational forms of longer acting beta-2 agonists were better compliable to the patients with no observable adverse effects.

Background Hypercholesterolemia is the predominantfactor in developing atherosclerosis and myocardial diseases.A major contributor for the progression of atherosclerosis is abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.Hence the objectives of the study was to estimatethe comparative efficacy of Lutein with atorvastatin on lipid profile and lipoprotein(a) and to estimate the histopahthological changes in hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats. Materials and Methods Experimental Wistar rats (male) were grouped into six. Each group contains 6 rats. Group I is control. Group II received cholesterol rich diet. Group III received cholesterol rich diet and the drug Atorvastatin 5mg/kg. Group IV received cholesterol rich diet and the drugLutein 25mg/kg. Group V received cholesterol rich diet and the drugLutein 50mg/kg. Group VI received cholesterol rich diet and the drug Lutein100mg/kg. At the end of 16 weeks, Blood samples from each rats was taken through retro-orbital puncture to evaluate serum lipoproteinsand lipoprotein(a) and thenwistar rats were sacrificed underinjection I.M Ketamine,Aortaand Liverwere dissected out and sent for histopathological studies. Results The plasma LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) levels were reduced in all lutein treated groups and atorvastatin treated group compared to high cholesterol diet group. A significant rise in HDL levels was noted in all Lutein treated groups and atorvastatin treated group. No statistically significant difference was seen between Atorvastatin 5mg/kg body weight and Lutein 100mg/kg body weight on reduction of total cholesterol.The efficacy of the drug Lutein in progression of atherosclerosis and its cytoprotective action in liver was proved in this study. Conclusion This study indicates that Lutein has effect onreducing plasma lipoproteins&the study had shown significant antiatherogenic effect.

Objectives: To evaluate the drug compliance level among the patients attending the outpatient department of Shri Sathya Sai Medical College Hospitalusing Morisky 8-item drug compliance questionnaire and to determine the factors which hinder them from adhering to physician’s prescription.Methods: 100 patients who were on long-term drug treatment on outpatient basis were selected. Following that, Morisky 8-item drug compliancequestionnaire, a self-reported scale of medication adherence was used. Along with the mentioned questions, a few questions to assess factors causingnoncompliancy and their knowledge on drug compliance were included. Data were collected and based on the scale, the level of compliance, i.e., low,medium or high was estimated. Patients found noncompliant, factors hindering them from being noncompliant were assessed.Results: Among the 100 patients, 33% belonged to low adherence group, 44% to medium adherence group, and 23% to high adherence group.Patients belonging to low and medium adherence group were segregated and their individual questionnaire was assessed and reason for beingnoncompliant analyzed. The majority of the low adherence group said that they discontinue treatment once they feel that their symptoms were undercontrol.Conclusion: Drug noncompliance is an important factor for treatment failure. The importance of medication adherence was re-emphasized to thosepatients who belonged to low/medium adherence group.Keywords: Morisky, Drug compliance, Shri Sathya Sai, Low adherence.

Nearly 0.065-0.33 billion people suffer from ear infections leading to loss of hearing in 60% of them. As the middle ear is in close proximity to the brain, infections can lead to intracranial complications. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in these situations can lead to multi drug resistant bacterial strains. Hence, the knowledge of commonest bacteria causing these infections along with its susceptibility pattern remains a key to unravel the void left in otological microbiome.: Aretrospective analysis of samples obtained from middle ear infections were analyzed for a period of 4 months (2019) at the Department of Microbiology, SRIHER using Hospital information system. The results of microbiological profile and their susceptibility pattern were tabulated and statistically analyzed.: Out of 325 samples enrolled, 302 samples grew pathogens(GPC:122,GNB:186, Fungi:17 & 23 of them grew more than 1 pathogen). The microbiological profile of 325 pathogens were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa 41.8%, Staphylococcus aureus 27.6%, CONS 7.6%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 4.6%, Proteus species 4.6%,Candida species 3.3%, Streptococcus species 2.2%,Escherichia coli 1.8%, Aspergillus species 1.8%, Acinetobacter species 1.2%, Enterobacter species 1.2%, Citrobacter species 0.9%, Morganella species 0.6%, Providencia species 0.3%. Multi-drug-resistant strains were seen in 17 of GNB 9.1%(n=186), predominantly in Pseudomonas species 8.8%(n=136). Methicillin resistance among the Staphylococcus species was 22%(n=115), predominantly in CONS 64%(n=25). Pan-drug resistance was not reported.Based on our study, a total of 43(13.2%) isolates were MDR strains, hence it is imperative to do a culture and sensitivity pattern of ear infections for efficacious management, thereby reducing further complications.