No abstract

Purpose – If the two or more than two antennas are present in the antenna array, the mutual coupling between them becomes a critical issue to deal with. At microwave frequency, microstrip design is often used as a transmission line because of its good performance in transferring the energy and microwave signals. Most commonly used microstrip antenna has similar structure as that of the microstrip line. On one side of dielectric substrate layer, is an extremely thin layer of conductor that forms the radiating elements and on bottom side is the ground plane made up of metallic material. Our main motive is to maintain mutual coupling suppressing structure to its simplest form. Methodology/approach/design – We therefore use a Defected Ground Structure (DGS), which greatly decreases the mutual coupling between the two antennas, thus enhancing the performance of the antenna array. Findings – The introduction of the DGS does not affect the characteristics of antenna array system. The Simulation is done using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software and the results are tested using Vector Network Analyzer. Both the simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The coupling has been reduced from -22 to -37 dB. The recent boom in wireless industry has led to the demand for the multiband antennas.

Rudimentary horn is a developmental anomaly of the uterus. Pregnancy in rudimentary horn is rare occurrence with incidence of less than 1 in 150,000. Prerupture diagnosis of rudimentary horn pregnancy with USG is technically difficult, with sensitivity of 30%. It is often not diagnosed unless it terminates by rupture in the second trimester leading to catastrophic haemorrhage and hence high incidence of maternal mortality. Management of such cases is a challenge till today due to diagnostic dilemma. Expertise in ultrasonography and early resort to surgical management is life saving in such cases. Here we present a case of ruptured non-communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy at 15 weeks presenting in our emergency department as a case of pain abdomen. Laparoscopic resection of the rudimentary horn was performed for the patient.