Playing musical instruments may have positive effects on motor, emotional, and cognitive deficits in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This pilot study examined the feasibility of a six-week nontraditional guitar instruction program for individuals with PD. Twenty-six participants with idiopathic PD (Age: 67.22 ± 8.07; 17 males) were randomly assigned to two groups (intervention first or 6 weeks of usual care control exposure) with stepwise exposure to the guitar intervention condition with cross-over at six weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Twenty-four participants completed the study. Combined analysis of the groups showed significant BDI-II improvement immediately after intervention completion (3.04 points, 95% CI [−5.2, −0.9], p = 0.04 ). PDQ-39 total quality of life scores improved from baseline to immediately postintervention 5.19 points (95% CI [−9.4, −1.0]) at trend significance (corrected p = 0.07 ). For Group 1 (exposed to the intervention first), MDS-UPDRS total scores improved by a mean of 8.04 points (95% CI [−12.4, −3.7], p = 0.004 ) and remained improved at 12 weeks by 10.37 points (95% CI [−14.7, −6.0], p < 0.001 ). This group also had significant improvements in mood and depression at weeks 6 and 12, remaining significant at week 18 (BDI-II: 3.75, 95% CI [−5.8, −1.7], p = 0.004 ; NeuroQoL-depression: 10.6, 95% CI [−4.9. −1.4], p = 0.004 ), and in anxiety at week 6 and week 18 (NeuroQoL; 4.42, 95% CI [−6.8, −2.1], p = 0.004 ; 3.58, 95% CI [−5.9, −1.2], p = 0.02 , respectively). We found clinically and statistically significant improvements in mood/anxiety after 6 weeks of group guitar classes in individuals with PD. Group guitar classes can be a feasible intervention in PD and may improve mood, anxiety, and quality of life.

Rhythm-based therapeutic interventions have widely been used in patients with neurologic disorders to address motor and quality of life outcomes. Although group drumming has been explored in several pilot studies of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and Huntington disease (HD), caregiver burden and their quality-of-life outcomes have received less attention. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of group drumming on quality of life and motor symptoms in PD and HD patients as well as their caregivers. A total of 17 participants (PD = 6, caregivers of PD = 6, HD = 3, caregivers of HD = 2) attended the 60-minute drum-based group music therapy intervention twice a week for 12 weeks. Participants were assigned to two drumming intervention groups based on their diagnosis:1) patients diagnosed with PD and their study partners, 2) patients diagnosed with HD and their study partners. In group drumming sessions, both patients and caregiver participants utilized a variety of percussion instruments based on their personal preferences or physical abilities to facilitate movement skills and group cohesion. They were asked to complete questionnaires about quality of life and motor functioning at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 18 weeks (6 weeks post-intervention completion). Caregivers burden scores were also collected at these time points. Furthermore, all participants completed simple exit interview questionnaires in their follow-up visit. The PD participants and their caregivers showed an opposite trend in social role satisfaction. From baseline to 6 weeks, there were significant differences in social role satisfaction between PD participants and PD caregivers where PD participants reported a decrease in social satisfaction (Mean = -2.30, Standard Deviation = 1.64) while PD caregivers experienced an increase (M = 3.80, SD = 3.08), p = .02. In contrast, a different pattern was shown from 12 weeks to 18 weeks, where PD participants showed an increase in social satisfaction (M = 2.53, SD = 1.29), while PD caregivers demonstrated a decrease in social satisfaction (M = -2.10, SD = 3.35), p =.03. Drumming in a group setting may serve as an effective tool to enhance movement and promote social cohesion through rhythmic auditory-motor entrainment, thereby supporting quality of life in PD; further studies in HD are indicated as well.