Plant Materials. The samples analyzed for phenolic composition included Neepawa wheat, Neepawa wheat flour, Harmon oats, yellow dent com, long grain brown rice, and Netted Gem potatoes.The seed samples were mature, sound, and, except for rice, had been harvested about 2 months previously.The cereals, after dehulling in the case of oats, were debranned by roller milling or pearling and ground into a fine flour. The potatoes were peeled, sliced, freeze-dried, and ground.

Fenton et al. (1980) reported that previous investigators had failed to consider cis and trans isomerization of phenolic compounds, interference by lipids, and formation of artifacts during extraction and separation procedures.The objective of this investigation was to develop a more rapid procedure for the accurate estimation of the free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolic acids. Although

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Leaf and seed extracts of Arabidopsis thaliana var. Columbia contain a large number of glucosinolates, representing close to 25% of those known to occur in nature. The glucosinolates, in the form of their desulphated analogs, are separated by reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Seventeen are identified using thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (TSP LC/MS). Additional glucosinolates, present in trace amounts, are identified as isothiocyanates by electron impact and chemical ionization gas chromatography/MS (GC/MS). In total, 23 glucosinolates are detected and these include four series of homologs and analogs. Fifteen possess aliphatic side chains, of which six contain ωmethylthioalkyl and six contain ω-methylsulphinylalkyl side chains; eight possess aromatic side chains, of which four constitute an homologous series of benzoic acid esters and three possess 3-indolylmethyl-based structures. Sixteen of the glucosinolates are detected in Arabidopsis thaliana for the first time and three of these, 4-hydroxybutyl glucosinolate, 5-benzoyloxypentyl glucosinolate, and 6-benzoyloxyhexyl glucosinolate, represent novel plant constituents.

In conclusion, IL-1beta, and to a lesser extend IL-6, dysregulates enzymatic antioxidant defenses in chondrocyte. These changes could lead to a transient accumulation of H(2)O(2) in mitochondria, and consequently to mitochondria damage. These changes contribute to explain the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in osteoarthritis chondrocytes.