RESUMO.Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de diagnosticar o perfil do consumidor de carne de búfalo no município de Marabá-PA quanto ao conhecimento do produto e os fatores relacionados à escolha, periodicidade e quantidade de carne consumida. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio de entrevistas com formulários online. Houve preferência no consumo de carne bovina e peixes, e a carne de búfalo mostrou-se a menos consumida, porém, uma parcela expressiva da população afirmou estar disposta a aumentar este consumo. Os motivos para não consumir carne de búfalo foram relacionados ao fato de ser uma carne pouco apreciada e falta de oferta. O desconhecimento das formas de criação, procedência, aspectos nutricionais, e possíveis formas de se comprar e preparar a carne de búfalo levou a ratificar o seu baixo consumo local, além da falta de oferta do mercado. Os consumidores de carne de búfalo consideram este um alimento saboroso e saudável, entretanto, pouco ofertada no mercado. Sugerem-se campanhas que visem o aumento da oferta e do consumo da carne de búfalos e em ações que permitam à população descobrir novas formas de preparo, consumo e mais informações nutricionais.Palavras chave: bubalinocultura, consumo de carne, produtos processados Diagnosis of the buffalo meat consumer profile in the municipality of Marabá, PAABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to diagnose the buffalo meat consumer profile in Marabá-PA in terms of product knowledge and factors related to the choice, periodicity and quantity of milk and meat consumed. The diagnosis was made through interviews with online forms. There was a preference in beef and fish consumption, and buffalo meat was the least consumed, but a significant portion of the population said they were willing to increase this consumption. The reasons for not consuming buffalo meat were related to the fact that it was a little appreciated meat and lack of supply. The ignorance of the ways of breeding, origin, nutritional aspects, and possible ways of buying and preparing the buffalo meat has ratified its low local consumption, besides the lack of market supply. Consumers of buffalo meat consider this a tasty and healthy food, however, little offered on the market. Campaigns are suggested that aim to increase the supply and consumption of buffalo meat and in actions that allow the population to discover new forms of preparation, consumption and more nutritional information.

The objective of this study was to evaluate four different feeding strategies using an immunomodulatory feed additive for newly weaned Nellore cattle, before and after road transport, on their physiological parameters and performances during the growing phase of pastures. In total, eighty-four young Nellore bulls (initial BW = 174 ± 11 kg; 7 ± 1 months of age) were blocked by their initial body weights 42 days before road transport (d −42) and randomly assigned to one of the four supplementation strategies. The treatments were: (1) Control (CON): no immunomodulatory feed additive (NUTRA) supplementation; (2) NUTRA pre: the inclusion of NUTRA only in the pre-transport period (d −42 to d 0); (3) NUTRA post: the inclusion of NUTRA for 42 days, only in the post-transport period (d 0 to d 42); and (4) NUTRA growth: the inclusion of NUTRA during the whole experimental period (d −42 to d 210). On d 0, the calves were transported on dirty roads in a commercial livestock trailer for 200 km (8 h). There was no effect of the treatments on the animal performance or the physiological parameters in their plasma. However, there were effects on the day of the blood sampling for all the parameters. The highest concentration of cortisol was observed on d 3 post-transport (129 ng/mL) and this decreased over time (22.4 ng/mL; d 210). On the other hand, their glucose peaked at unloading, with lower concentrations on d 7 and d 14. Their total protein concentrations increased from d 0 to d 7. The immunomodulatory feed additive supplementation at 10 g/100 kg BW/day did not modulate the physiological responses in their plasma and did not influence the performance of the Nellore bulls during the growing phase of their pastures.

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The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of heat load, bodyweight and dietary protein on oxygen pulse of heifers, to obtain the energy cost of walking on flat and sloping terrain, and to compare the energy cost of heifers during continuous walking and intermittent walking. In Experiment 1, the correlations of oxygen consumption, heart rate and oxygen pulse (O2P) with bodyweight, black globe temperature and temperature and humidity index were examined. Moreover, the effect of dietary protein on O2P was evaluated. The temperature and humidity index and black globe temperature had a low positive correlation with O2P and oxygen consumption, and a low negative correlation with heart rate. However, weight had no correlation with O2P. There was a linear increase in O2P with a very low adjustment with an increasing dietary crude protein concentration. In Experiment 2, the energy cost of heifers walking continuously at a constant speed in a terrain with 0%, 6% and 12% gradient was measured. The energy expenditure was similar among the terrain gradients. The heifers walking had a 16.6% higher energy expenditure than when they were standing. In Experiment 3, a comparison of the energy cost was made among heifers standing, continuously walking and intermittently walking at a constant speed on flat ground. The energy cost for walking was similar between continuous and intermittent walking. The heat load, bodyweight and dietary protein concentration had a low effect on O2P in dairy heifers. Therefore, measurements over a short time (5–15 min) are a reliable estimator of O2P through the day. Both intermittent and continuous walking can be used to evaluate energy expenditure.

Balancing diets for protein affects both protein and energy use efficiency in cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein level on intake, digestibility and energy expenditure in Holstein heifers. Four Holstein heifers with a mean BW of 266.5 ± 10.7 kg were distributed in a 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design. Each period was comprised of 14 d for adaptation and 6 d for samplings. The heifers were fed diets with 9, 12, 15 and 18% of crude protein (CP). Total feces and urine were collected. Rumen fluid was collected at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after feeding. The energy expenditure was evaluated at 6 a.m., 12 a.m., 6 p.m. and 12 p.m. by a closed-circuit mask technique. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). Although the NDF digestibility was not changed (P > 0.05), the digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing CP levels in the diet. Urinary urea nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retained increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing CP levels. Dietary CP levels did not affect (P =0.53) energy expenditure in heifers. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentration peaked at 2-4 h after feeding. Increasing dietary CP levels from 9 to 18% does not affect feed intake and energy expenditure in heifers. However, it improves the digestibility of OM and nitrogen retention.