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Introduction: Recent studies have investigated the use of adipose tissue as source of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in humans. However, there are still several protocols being performed. Objective: Analyze the protocols published in the literature in the last ten years and to investigate how they are being carried out and if they are following the criteria adopted by the International Federation for Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS) and the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). Methodology: Articles from the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Lilacs database published in January / 2010 until the present time, which were evaluated in order to investigate the use of adipose-derived stem cells in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Results: Thirty four articles were evaluated in its entiraty. The abdominal area was the most choosen to do the liposuction, however the quantities of adipose tissue removed and the number of cells transplanted was variable.  It is hightlited the enzimatic digestion of adipose tissue with collagenase as extraction method. Only 14 articles complied all the 3 criteria required to prove the real presence of mesenchymal stem cells in the samples that was transplanted. However, all the articles showed improvement of function and pain. Final considerations: Thus, even the results found are promising, the evidence is still limited in humans and the variability of the methodology makes it difficult to standardize the technique, also its implementation as a reference in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

Aim: The treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease (CD) is a challenge. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an option for treating fistulas, but their behavior at the injection site still needs to be further investigated. The efficacy and safety of autologous transplantation of ADSCs of patients with refractory perianal fistulizing CD was evaluated. Method: A total of 6 patients (18-48 years) were recruited. The intervention was three applications of autologous ADSCs (total of 3x107 cells). The evaluations happened in the 12th and 24th week after the first application, been considered primary and secondary efficacy outcomes, safety outcomes, anthropometric and food quality assessments. Results: Three patients completed the study and been treated 8 fistulas with ADSCs, none application-related effect was observed. The healing closure of the external part occurred in four fistulas, with local reepithelialization, and also two closed completely in the 12th week. The Van Assche index indicates improvement in only one of the patients. On the other hand, the Clinical Perianal Disease Activity Index and the quality of life assessment indicated progress for the three patients until the end of the study. By the CD Simple Endoscopic Score, two patients had the disease endoscopically inactive at the end of follow-up. Most of the anthropometric measurements were adequate and the foods that had low consumption throughout the study, in conformity for the three evaluated, were those belonging to the group of beans. Conclusion: It is concluded that autologous ADSCs have clinical potential to safely treat refractory perianal fistulizing CD.

Introduction: The knowledge about the biology of obesity and apoptosis induction of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) may support in the development of new therapies. Objective: The present research aimed to investigate the toxicogenic effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as well as its influence in the adipogenic differentiation and expression of genes related to DNA damage, cell cycle and thermogenesis. Methodology: Cell cultures of human adipose-derived stem cells were treated for 12 hours with ATRA (20.75 μM) and were performed the adipogenic differentiation, comet assay, micronucleous, cell death, cell cycle and qPCR. Results: The ATRA treatment decreased the capacity of adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs. The comet assay demonstrated increase in nucleoid frequency with genomic damage and scoring. However, these damages were not fixed at the chromosome level, since the tail moment was not significant. The treatment with ATRA increased cytotoxicity and increased cell death by apoptosis. The relative expression of CHEK-1, CHEK-2, CDC25A, CDC25C, ATM and ATR decreased and only UCP1 increased significantly. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate that the use of ATRA induces genomic damage in ADSCs, although it was eliminated in the apoptosis process. Therefore, administration of ATRA in ADSCs did not cause chromosomal instability, which suggests toxicogenic safety. Also it was considered that ATRA might active the browning effect. Thus, this compound is considered a promising candidate for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of obesity and / or localized fat by the use of mesotherapy.