Current research on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 mainly focuses on its nano- or micro-particle forms, which are difficult to recycle and apply in real engineering applications. This study aims to apply a small pilot of TiO2 in the ceramic form to remove carbamazepine (CBZ) from an aqueous solution under simulated sunlight. A high removal efficiency up to >99% was shown in a 5 mg L−1 CBZ solution after 6 h of irradiation with a total energy of 150.92 kJ. The kinetic degradation was not affected in an alkaline solution (at pH 7, pH 10, and pH 13) but was faster under acidic conditions (pH 2) in which CBZ existed in the protonated form. The presence of NO3− (10–50 mg L−1) slightly affected the photodegradation of CBZ while humic acid significantly reduced the photocatalytic activity. In addition, the presence of major ions in water also had a negative effect at concentrations between 10 and 50 mg L−1. The MS/MS was used to identify the transformation products of CBZ, and a possible degradation mechanism was proposed. The toxicity of CBZ and the by-products was primarily evaluated. The results showed that TiO2 ceramics show high reusability and stability with a photocatalytic performance of >95% and a mass loss of <5% after 90 degradation cycles.

Three compounds were isolated from the rhizome part of Canna edulis for the first time including liquiritigenin, methyl caffeate and uracil. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as MS and NMR. Keywords Canna edulis Ker Gawl, liquiritigenin, methyl caffeate, uracil. References [1] T. H. Vu, Q. U. Le, Edible Canna (Canna edulis Ker), A Potential Crop for Vietnam Food Industry, International Journal of Botany Studies, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2019, pp. 58–59.[2] N. Tanakar, The Utilization of Edible Canna Plants in Southeastern Asia and Southern China, Economic Botany, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2004, 112–114.[3] A. S. A. Snafi, Bioactive Components and Pharmacological Effects of Canna indica - an Overview, International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2015, pp. 71–75.[4] X. J. Zhang, Z. W. Wang, Q. Mi, Phenolic Compounds from Canna edulis Ker Residue and Their Antioxidant Activity, LWT - Food Science Technology, Vol. 44, No. 10, 2011, pp. 2091–2096, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2011.05.021. [5] F. Xie, S. Gong, W. Zhang, J. Wu, Z. Wang, Potential of Lignin from Canna edulis Ker Residue in The Inhibition of α-d-glucosidase: Kinetics and Interaction Mechanism Merging with Docking Simulation, International Journal of Biology and Macromolecules, Vol. 95, 2017, pp. 592–602, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.100.[6] J. Zhang, Z. W. Wang, Soluble Dietary Fiber from Canna edulis Ker By-product and Its Physicochemical Properties, Carbohydrates Polymers, Vol. 92, No. 1, 2013, pp. 289–296, http:/doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.067.[7] T. M. H. Nguyen, H. L. Le, T. T. Ha, B. H. Bui, N. T. Le, V. H. Nguyen, T. V. A. Nguyen, Inhibitory Effect on Human Platelet Aggregation and Coagulation and Antioxidant Activity of Canna edulis Ker Gawl Rhizhomes and Its Secondary Metabolites, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 263, 2020, pp. 113-136, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113136.[8] T. A. Y. Diaa, M. A. Ramada, A. A. Khalifa, Acetophenones, a Chalcone, a Chromone and Flavonoids from Pancratium Maritimum, Phytochemistry, Vol. 49, No. 8, pp. 1998, pp. 2579-2583, http:/doi.org/10.1016/S003109422(98)00429-4. [9] W. Koji, Y. Osanai, T. Imaizumi, S. Kanno, M. Takeshita, M. Ishikawa, Inhibitory Effect of The Alkyl Side Chain of Caffeic Acid Analogues on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Macrophages, Bioorganic Med. Chem., Vol. 16, No. 16, 2008, pp. 7795–7803, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.006.[10] C. Y. Wang, L. Han, K. Kang, C. L. Shao, Y. X. Wei, C. J. Zheng, H. S Guan, Secondary Metabolites From Green Algae Ulva Pertusa, Chemistry of Natural Compounds Vol. 46, No. 5, 2010, pp. 828-830.[11] C. T. Inh, N. T. H. Van, P. M. Quan, T. T. Q. Trang, T. A. Vien, N. T. Thuy, D. T. Thao, New Diterpenoid Isolated from Medicinal Plant Euphorbia tithymaloides (P.), Vietnam J. Chem., Vol. 54, 2016, pp. 274-279, https:/doi.org/10.15625/0866-7144.2016-00304 (in Vietnamese).[12] Q. Y. Li, H. Liang, B. Wang, Z. Z. Zhao, Chemical Constituents of Momordica charantia L, Yao Xue Xue Bao, Vol. 44, No. 9, 2009, pp. 1014-1018.[13] V. T. Diep, L. T. Loan, N. T. Thu, T. T. Ha, N. M. Khoi, N. H. Tuan, D. T. Ha, Triterpen, Flavonoid and Pyrimidine Compounds from The Aerial Parts of Dregea volubilis, Journal of Medicinal Materials, Vol. 24, No. 6, 2019, pp. 329-332.[14] H. M. Eid, D. Vallerand, A. Muhammad, T. Durst, P. S. Haddad, L. C. Martineau, Structural Constraints and the Importance of Lipophilicity for the Mitochondrial Uncoupling Activity of Naturally Occurring Caffeic Acid Esters with Potential for the Treatment of Insulin Resistance, Biochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 79, No. 3, 2010, pp. 444–454, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.08.026.[15] K. Takahashi, Y. Yoshioka, E. Kato, S. Katsuki, O. Iida, K. Hosokawa, J. Kawabata, Methyl Caffeate as a Glucosidase Inhibitor from Solanum Torvum fruits and the Activity of Related Compounds, Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Vol. 74, No. 4, 2010, pp. 741–745, https:/doi.org/10.1271/bbb.9087.[16] S. M. Fiuza, C. Gomes, L. J. Teixeira, M. T. G. D. Cruz, M. N. Cordeiro, N. Milhazes, F. Borges, M. P. Marques, Phenolic Acid Derivatives with Potential Anticancer Properties, a Structure-Activity Relationship Study Part 1: Methyl, Propyl and Octyl Esters of Caffeic and Gallic Acids, Bioorgan Med Chem, Vol. 12, No. 13, 2004, pp. 3581-3589, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2004.04.026.[17] S. P. Lee, G. Jun, E. Yoon, S. Park, C. Yang, Inhibitory Effect of Methyl Caffeate on Fos-Jun-DNA Complex Formation and Suppression of Cancer Cell Growth, Bulletin of Korean Chemical Society, Vol. 22, No. 10, 2001, pp. 1131-1135.      

No abstract

In the search for new natural PTP1B inhibitory compounds from medicinal plants, two 9,10-anthraquinones were isolated and structurally identified as physcion (1) and emodin (2) from the alcoholic extract of the root of Polygonum cuspidatum. Chemical structures of these isolates were identified by interpretation of spectroscopic data ( 1 H, 13 C NMR and MS) as well as comparing with reported literatures. Compounds 1-2 possessed inhibitory activity on PTP1B enzyme with IC50 values of 26.1 ± 0.7 and 13.3 ± 0.4 µM, respectively. Ursolic acid was used as positive control showing an IC50 value of 3.5 ± 0.2 µM in this assay. This result reveals that these 9,10-anthraquinones might be considered as new natural compounds for development of antidiabetic agents.

In this study, six compounds isolated from the n-hexane fraction of Canna edulis Ker Gawl rhizomes for the first time include 24-methylenecycloartane-3β-ol, sitoindoside I, citrulloside, 16β-hydro-19-al-ent-kauran-17-oic acid, daucosterol, and β-sitosterol. Spectroscopic methods as MS and NMR were used to elucidate their structures. Keywords: Canna edulis Ker Gawl, β-sitosterol, daucosterol, sitoindoside I, citrulloside, 24-methylenecycloartane-3β-ol, 16β-hydro-19-al-ent-kauran-17-oic acid. References [1] T. H. Vu, Q. U. Le, Edible Canna (Canna edulis Ker), a Potential Crop for Vietnam Food Industry, Int. J. Bot, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2019, pp. 58-59.[2] A. S. A. Snafi, Bioactive Components and Pharmacological Effects of Canna indica - an Overview, Int. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., Vol. 5, No. 2, 2015, pp. 71-75.[3] N. Tanakar, The Utilization of Edible Canna Plants in Southeastern Asia and Southern China, Econ. Bot, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2004, pp. 112-114.[4] J. Zhang, W. Z. Wu, Q. Mi, Q, Phenolic Compounds from Canna edulis Ker Residue and Their Antioxidant Activity, LWT - Food Sci. Technol., Vol. 44, No. 10, 2011, pp. 2091-2096.[5] J. Zhang, W. Z. Wu, Soluble Dietary Fiber from Canna edulis Ker By-product and Its Physicochemical Properties, Carbohydr. Polym., No. 92, No. 1, 2013, pp. 289-296.[6] F. Xie, S. Gong, W. Zhan, J. Wu, Z. Wang, Potential of Lignin from Canna edulis Ker Residue in the Inhibition of α-d-glucosidase: Kinetics and Interaction Mechanism Merging with Docking Simulation, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., Vol. 95,No. 2017, pp. 592-602.[7] T. M. H. Nguyen, H. L. Le, T. T. Ha, B. H. Bui,N. T. Le, V. H. Nguyen, T. V. A. Nguyen, Inhibitory Effect on Human Platelet Aggregation and Coagulation and Antioxidant Activity of Canna edulis Ker Gawl Rhizhomes and Its Secondary Metabolites, J. Ethnopharmacol., Vol. 263, 2020, pp.113-136.[8] J. D. P. Teresa, J. G. Urones, J. S. Marcos,P. Basabe, M. J. S. Cuarado, R. F. Moro, Triterpenes from Euphorbia broteri, Phytochem, Vol. 26, 1987, pp. 1767-1776. [9] A. T. Nguyen, H. Malonne, P. Duez, R. V. Fastre, M. Vanhaelen, J. Fontaine, Cytotoxic Constituents from Plumbago zeylanica, Fitoterapia, Vol. 75,No. 5, 2004, pp. 500-504.[10] F. J. Momeni, S. F. Kimbu, B. L. Sondengam,M. T. H. Khan, M. I. Choundhary, A. U. Rahman, Potent Inhibitors of Tyrosinase Activity from Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae), Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia, Vol, 52, 2010, pp. 328-334.[11] Y. C. Wu, Y. C. Hung, F. R. Chang, M. Cosentino, H. K. Wang, K. H. Lee, Identification of ent-16β,17-dihydroxykauran-19-oic Acid as an Anti-HIV Principle and Isolation of the New Diterpenoids Annosquamosins A and B from Annona squamosa. J. Nat. Prod., Vol. 59, No. 6, 1996, pp. 635-637.[12] F. R. Chang, P. Y. Yang, J. Y. Lin, K. H. Lee,Y. C. Wu, Bioactive Kaurane Diterpenoids from Annona glabra, J Nat Prod, Vol. 61, No. 4, 1998, pp. 437-439.[13] F. M., Moghaddam, M. Farimani, M. Amin, Chemical Constituents of Dichloromethane Extract of Cultivated Satureja khuzistanica. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., Vol. 4, No. 1, 2007, pp. 95-98.[14] Z. Sheng, Z. Dai, S. Pan, H. Wang, Y. Hu, W. Ma, Isolation and Characterization of an α-glucosidase Inhibitor from Musa spp. (Baxijiao) Flowers, Molecules, Vol. 19, No. 7, 2014, pp. 10563-10573.[15] E. Gupta, β-sitosterol: Predominant Phytosterol of Therapeutic Potential, Innova Food Tech, Vol. 32, 2020, pp. 465-477.[16] J. Zeng, X. Liu, X. Li, Y. Zheng, B. Liu, Y. Xiao, Daucosterol Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Wnt/ β-catenin Signaling,Molecules, Vol. 22, No. 2017, pp. 862.[17] K. H. Kuo, Y. T. Yeh, S. Y. Pan, S. C. Hsieh, Identification and Structural Elucidation of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Chinese Olive (Canarium Album L.) Fruit Extracts. Foods, Vol. 8, No. 10, 2019, pp. 441.