Aims/hypothesis Enterovirus infections have been associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in multiple studies, but little is known about enterovirus-induced responses in children at risk for developing type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to use genome-wide transcriptomics data to characterise enterovirus-associated changes in whole-blood samples from children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Methods Longitudinal whole-blood samples (356 samples in total) collected from 28 pairs of children at increased risk for developing type 1 diabetes were screened for the presence of enterovirus RNA. Seven of these samples were detected as enterovirus-positive, each of them collected from a different child, and transcriptomics data from these children were analysed to understand the individual-level responses associated with enterovirus infections. Transcript clusters with peaking or dropping expression at the time of enterovirus positivity were selected as the enterovirus-associated signals.Results Strong signs of activation of an interferon response were detected in four children at enterovirus positivity, while Niina Lietzen and Le T. T. An contributed equally to the study. Riitta Lahesmaa and Laura L. Elo are joint senior authors.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4460-7) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. * Niina Lietzen

In this paper we build a population dynamics of malaria including drug treatment. By taking into account both sensitive and resistant parasites, we want to see the effect of treatments on resistance phenomenon and prevent it from overspreading. Our main results include a new dynamics model, its mathematical properties which are found through analysis, the determination of unknown parameters with help of a data set for malaria from Burkina Faso and the numerical simulations of the fitted model. Based on these results, treatment strategies to reduce drug resistance can be elaborated.