Colon lipoma is a rare benign disease in the gastrointestinal tract with an incidence rate of approximately 0.035%-4.4%. The disease is often asymptomatic, so it is frequently discovered incidentally through endoscopy, computed tomography , or autopsy. When the tumor is over 2 cm in size, symptoms such as abdominal pain, bowel disorders, and bowel obstruction are common. Surgery is considered the mainstay of treatment for colonic lipomas. Furthermore, surgical (rather than endoscopic) resection is preferred for lipomas >2 cm to avoid complications such as bleeding and perforation. We report on a 61-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with a 4-cm descending colonic fat tumor detected by endoscopy and computed tomography and confirmed by pathology.

Gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a rare disease. Sigmoid-anorectal AVM has only been reported in a few cases. The condition is usually detected when patients have gastrointestinal bleeding complications. The diagnosis and treatment of colorectal AVMs are still challenging. This paper presents a case of an Asian 32-year-old female patient admitted to hospital because of lower gastrointestinal bleeding lasting 17 years. The patient was diagnosed with sigmoid-rectal arteriovenous malformation and failed with other medical treatments. The damaged gastrointestinal tract was removed by a laparoscopic low anterior resection. The results were positive after a three-month follow-up; the bleeding was resolved, and the anal sphincter function was intact. Laparoscopic low anterior resection is a safe, less invasive, and effective approach for managing patients with digestive tract bleeding due to extensive colorectal AVM and preservation of the anal sphincter.

Background: Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLD) in rectal cancer has been carried out in several major centers. However, there are still many controversial issues regarding this method such as feasibility, safety, and oncological outcome. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes, safety, and feasibility of LPLD. Methods: This was a retrospective study. A total of 117 patients with lower rectal cancer (clinical stage II/III) below the peritoneal reflection underwent surgery between January 2019 and November 2020 at 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Results: Total amount of 25 patients underwent laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) plus LPLD and 92 patients underwent laparoscopic TME without LPLD. The rate of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in the LPLD group was 16% (4/25), of which 12% (3/25) were on the left side and 4% (1/25) were on the right side. The rate of intraoperative complications in the LPLD group was significantly higher at 16.0% (4/25) compared with 3.3% (3/92) in the TME only group (p = 0.037). There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of postoperative complications between the two groups (24.0% of patients in the LPLD group compared with 26.1% patients in the no LPLD group, p = 0.832). Conclusion: Pelvic lymphadenectomy has an important role in the treatment of advanced lower rectal cancer. LPLD is a safe and feasible procedure. However, it is necessary to study a larger number of patients with a longer follow-up period to fully evaluate oncological outcomes.

An internal hernia is the protrusion of visceral contents through a congenital or acquired defect in the peritoneum or mesentery within the abdominal cavity. In approximately 0.6-5.8% of patients with small intestinal obstruction, the cause is internal hernia, with paraduodenal hernias accounting for approximately 40% of cases. Here, we present the case of a 51-year-old man diagnosed with obstruction of the small intestine caused by a hernia on the left side of the duodenum. The treatment involved returning the bowel loops to the normal position and closing the hernia pocket using Prolene 2.0 sutures. The duration of the surgery was 30 min. Five days later, the patient's condition was stable and he was discharged from the hospital; at the 32-month postoperative follow-up, he remained in stable condition with no recurrence. An abdominal computed tomography scan is valuable for early diagnosis of paraduodenal hernia in the absence of complications, and the cause can be identified and the bowel returned to the normal position by endoscopic surgery, with closure of the hernia pocket if the intestine does not stick to the pocket.

The paper proposes how to build a teaching model that combines subject’s outcome standards, lesson plans, assessment and technology-based approach to better support students’ self-regulated learning (SSRL). The formative assessment method is combined with the summative assessment method in the teaching process with the goal of meeting the maximum output standards of the course objectives built for the course. The lesson plan is designed to be flexible in combination with technology to help students’ self-regulated learning and achieve the subject objectives in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes. The paper surveys second-year students at Ba Ria – Vung Tau University. Results from observations and surveys show that lecturers have not been able to link the above these factors to help students achieve all three outcome standards of knowledge, skills and attitudes.