Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) is a crucial sector in the remanufacturing industry and scheduling of MRO processes is significantly different from conventional manufacturing processes. In this study, we adopted a swarm intelligent algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), to solve the scheduling optimization of MRO processes with two business objectives: minimizing the total scheduling time (make-span) and total tardiness of all jobs. The algorithm also has the dynamic scheduling capability which can help the scheduler to cope with the changes in the shop floor which frequently occur in the MRO processes. Results from the developed algorithm have shown its better solution in comparison to commercial scheduling software. The dependency of the algorithm’s performance on tuning parameters has been investigated and an approach to shorten the convergence time of the algorithm is emerging.

The purpose of this study is to determine how the employee's loyalty to the company can contribute to the company's long-term development. Achieving this level of devotion from employees requires the company to recognize and implement factors affecting employee loyalty. Thus, this study is designed to identify five factors influencing the employee's devotion to a company. The five factors considered in this study are working environment, working conditions, training and development, mission, and challenges. A survey questionnaire with 30 statements relating to these 5 factors is conducted, and 385 responses were received from production managers, ISO managers, mold managers and equipment managers, staff, and workers of the company. SPSS application is applied for data analysis. The results of the study reveal that these five influencing factors are the key factors that play a decisive role in the devotion and loyalty of employees. Since then, the conclusions not only guide the company to enhance the loyalty of employees but also is an advantage of how this will give benefits to the organization.

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