A high-resolution Compressed High-Intensity Radar Pulse (CHIRP) survey reveals shore-parallel variations in the Holocene sediment thickness offshore La Jolla, California. Sediment thicknesses decrease from >20 m in the south near Scripps Canyon to zero in the north approaching Torrey Pines. In addition to the south-to-north variation in sediment thickness, the transgressive surface observed in seismic lines shoals from Scripps Canyon to the north. Despite these dramatic shore-parallel subsurface changes, the nearshore bathymetry exhibits little to no change along strike. A left jog (i.e., a constraining bend) along the Rose Canyon fault causes local uplift in the region and appears to explain the northward shoaling of the transgressive surface, the decrease in relief on the transgressive surface away from the left jog, and the Holocene sediment thickness variation. This tectonic deformation is shore parallel, and thus the accommodation can be separated into its tectonic and eustatic components.

15 16CHIRP seismic and swath bathymetry data acquired offshore La Jolla, California 17 provide an unprecedented three-dimensional view of the La Jolla and Scripps submarine 18 canyons. Shore-parallel patterns of tectonic deformation appear to control nearshore 19 sediment thickness and distribution around the canyons. These shore-parallel patterns 20 allow the impact of local tectonic deformation to be separated from the influence of 21 eustatic sea-level fluctuations. Based on stratal geometry and acoustic character, we 22 identify a prominent angular unconformity inferred to be the transgressive surface and 23 2

Accurate and efficient measurement of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is critical in ecological studies. We evaluated 25 metrics of PAR with respect to predicting growth of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) saplings from understory to large gap conditions. PAR metrics were derived from gallium arsenide photodiodes, hemispherical canopy photographs (film and digital), and a LI-COR LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer. In general, percent canopy openness, estimated with film photographs or LAI-2000, best predicted growth. Mean daily photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from photodiodes ranked intermediate; direct beam radiation (from digital and film photographs) was among the poorest growth predictors. Metrics that integrate direct radiation may be relatively poor predictors of growth, because sunflecks were above PPFD levels at which photosynthesis saturates but fully contributed to the calculation of mean daily PPFD. Mean daily PPFD based on truncated sunflecks (to PPFD levels at which photosynthesis saturates) improved predictions of white ash radial growth. Film canopy photographs and the LAI-2000 had relatively low measurement error (indicated by repeatability). High contrast in film photographs, compared to digital, reduced ambiguity in manual thresholding. From a plant-centered perspective, percent canopy openness measured with either the LAI-2000 or film hemispherical photographs provided the best growth predictions.Résumé : La mesure précise et efficace du rayonnement photosynthétiquement actif (RPA) est cruciale dans le cadre des études écologiques. Nous avons évalué 25 variables du RPA dans le but de prédire la croissance de gaules d'Acer saccharum Marsh. et de Fraxinus americana L. croissant dans des conditions rencontrées en sous-étage jusqu'aux conditions pré-sentes dans les grandes trouées. Les variables du RPA ont été dérivées de photodiodes à l'arséniure de gallium, de photographies hémisphériques de la canopée (film et digitale) et du LAI-2000 de Li-Cor. En général, la meilleure prédic-tion de la croissance a été obtenue avec le pourcentage d'ouverture de la canopée estimé à l'aide de photos sur film ou avec le LAI-2000. Les valeurs journalières moyennes de densité de flux de photons photosynthétiques (DFPP) estimées à partir de photodiodes ont produit des résultats intermédiaires alors que le rayonnement direct (à partir de photos sur film ou digitales) se classait parmi les moins bonnes variables de prédiction de la croissance. Il est possible que les variables qui intègrent le rayonnement direct soient de relativement mauvais prédicteurs de la croissance parce que les taches de lumière atteignaient des valeurs supérieures aux niveaux de DFPP associés à la saturation de la photosynthèse, mais contribuaient pleinement au calcul des moyennes journalières de DFPP. Les prédictions de la croissance radiale de F. americana ont été améliorées en utilisant les moyennes journalières de DFPP basées sur des valeurs tronquées des taches de lumière (à des niv...

Introduction The Eagle Ford Shale is upper cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing marl that is currently being aggressively developed over a 15,000 square mile, 26 county area in south Texas. It varies in thickness from 50 to 300 feet and is productive at depths ranging from 5,000 to 14,000 feet subsea. The Eagle Ford formation is bounded at the base by the lower Cretaceous Buda Limestone and overlain by the Austin Chalk. It has relatively low total clay content and a calcite volume greater than 50% making it a more brittle rock favourable for hydraulic fracturing operations. The highly laminated, impermeable and anisotropic nature of the reservoir requires increasingly sophisticated completion designs. In addition, the high per acre valuation has pushed operators to optimize the location and spacing of development wells within their leasehold, in order to maximize the ultimate production of reserves, resulting in the necessity to drill wells across major fault zones. An E&P company drilled two horizontal laterals in the gas/condensate window of the Eagle Ford shale trend in Karnes County, Texas. The respective Wells A and B consist of two parallel, toe-down laterals drilled approximately 330 feet apart (Fig. 1). The main challenge associated with the wells was drilling and completing the laterals across a major fault zone while targeting a fairly narrow vertical interval within the lower Eagle Ford formation. In fact, the downthrown portion of the Well B lateral drifted into the Buda limestone for about 80 feet (Fig. 1), highlighting the validity of this concern. Microseismic monitoring provided the opportunity to identify fault interaction in real-time and analyse the mechanisms of interaction after the job. The integration of treatment data with the microseismic results proved essential for the analysis in both real-time and post-job.