This article reports the development of a Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) designed to quantify the construct: "optimal stimulation level." Items were written, using the construct as a guide, and given to undergraduates. The items were factor analyzed. A general factor was found and the item-factor correlation pattern was similar in males and females. In another sample, satisfactory reliability for the SSS was obtained and it was found to be positively correlated with field independence as measured by the Embedded Figures Test. In a third sample, nonsignificant correlations between SSS and Howard's Stimulus Seeking Maze tests were found. A significant negative correlation between SSS and anxiety, as measured by the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List was obtained.

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After hearing tape recordings of initial interviews, 120 students rated counselors for their personality attributes. Listening conditions were experimentally varied. By design, counselors provided instances of either conforming or nonconforming verbal role behavior. They were ascribed status as either "trainees" or "head" counselors. Results indicated that head counselors and those who conformed with role expectancy made the most positive impressions on would-be clients. Most critical among role behaviors seemed to be a demand that counselors, especially those with head status, express commitment to helping the client. A commitment principle was postulated as being primary to the process of establishing rapport in the helping relationship. HYPOTHESESHypotheses were formulated in terms of two kinds of consideration. First, it was recognized that clients have certain pre-

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