No abstract

The use of crushed sand, a by-product generated in quarries during the process of manufacturing crushed stone used in civil construction, can reduce the consumption of natural sand, reducing the environmental impact of the extraction of this material. In this sense, this research aims to evaluate the influence of replacing natural sand with crushed sand on the tensile bond strength of mortars. Mortars were made with crushed sand from quarries in the region of Bauru/SP, performing 3 percentages of substitution, in mass, of natural sand by crushed sand: 10%, 20% and 30%, plus a reference with 100% sand natural, totaling 4 strokes. All mortars were made in accordance with ABNT NBR 13276/2005. The performance of the mortars was evaluated through the tensile bond strength test, as recommended by the ABNT NBR 13528/2019 standard. In the end, it can be said that it is feasible to use crushed sand to replace natural sand in the percentage of up to 20% for making mortars for coating external walls, which showed the best adhesion results. It was also found that, for internal coating, it is possible to use up to 30% of crushed sand, without compromising the performance of the mortar.

The lack of effective instruments to control and monitor urban mobility has had a direct impact on the management of municipalities. The Sustainable Urban Mobility Index (IMUS, in Portugese) is an instrument that aims to support urban mobility planning, based on a list of indicators that allow the assessment of different aspects of sustainable urban mobility. However, some indicators are still not easily accessible in the municipalities, either due to the lack of data or the absence of information made available in an aggregated form, a numerical value for example. Given this context, this article presents a comparative analysis of studies that applied the IMUS in different cities in Brazil and abroad, in order to identify which indicators of urban mobility are still difficult to access in the municipalities where the IMUS was applied. Theses and dissertations or other academic works that used the IMUS, developed between 2008 and 2019, with the theme adhering to the title “Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (IMUS)” were selected. The analysis of the works allowed to identify: (i) which indicators are still difficult to access to assess urban mobility, by municipality size, and (ii) a comparative analysis of the index result for the Domains, Themes and Indicators, in the evaluated cities.