Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes Panama disease or Fusarium wilt of bananas. The association between soil-inhabiting fungi and nematodes can increase the severity of symptoms and suppress the resistance of plants to diseases. In this study, the interaction between Foc race 1 and Radopholus similis, a burrowing nematode that parasitizes banana plants, was analyzed using one moderately susceptible cultivar and seven resistant cultivars of banana. Two Foc isolates that differed in virulence were tested. The analyses of symptoms and stained fungal structures in the roots demonstrated that R. similis interacting with Foc in different inoculation sequences caused changes in symptom severity and the resistance pattern to Foc isolate 0801 (race 1) in cultivars ‘Terra Maranhão’, ‘BRS Pacovan Ken’, ‘BRS Vitória’, and ‘BRS Platina’. The data generated in this study have relevant implications for banana breeding programs in the classification of cultivars for durable resistance to Fusarium wilt and for understanding pathogen interactions during occurrence of the disease.
The northern region of Minas Gerais is marked by summers of high light intensity, which prevents the cultivation of some vegetables in this season. To evaluate the agronomic performance and the quality of the tomato cultivation under different shading levels, we conducted in 11/2009 at 02/2010 an experiment in the company Qualihort Seeds Ltd located in the municipality of Nova Porterinha, Minas Gerais. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks in a 2 x 4 factorial design (two hybrids -Dominator and Giovanna -and four shading levels: 0%, 18%, 30% and 50%) with four replications. The hybrid Dominador was superior to the Giovanna in plant height, fruit number and fruit number per plant. The environments with 50 and 30% shading promoted higher plants. A região norte de Minas Gerais é marcada por um verão de alta intensidade luminosa, o que consequentemente inviabiliza o cultivo de algumas hortaliças nessa época. Objetivando avaliar o rendimento agronômico e a qualidade do cultivo do tomateiro sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento, conduziu-se, de novembro 2009 a fevereiro de 2010, um experimento na empresa Qualihort Sementes Ltda, localizada na cidade de Nova Porterinha, Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com 4 repetições, sendo dois híbridos (Dominador e Giovanna) e quatro porcentagens de sombreamento (0%, 18%, 30% e 50%). O híbrido Dominador foi superior ao Giovanna em relação a altura da planta, número total de frutos, número de frutos por planta. O sombreamento promoveu aumento linear na altura das plantas. A produtividade total, comercial e altura das plantas foram maiores quando se utilizou 50% de sombreamento. As diferentes porcentagens de sombreamento não alteraram significativamente as características avaliadas, pH, Sólidos Solúveis Totais (SST), Acidez Total Titulável (ATT) e Relação Sólidos Solúveis/Acidez Titulável (RSA). Observou-se maior valor médio de pH nos frutos do híbrido Dominador, e maior valor médio de SST no 'Giovanna'. O híbrido Dominador e os ambientes sombreados condicionaram melhores desempenhos agronômicos para o tomateiro no Norte de Minas Gerais, com destaque para a tela de 50% de sombreamento. Porém, o sombreamento das plantas não influenciou a qualidade dos frutos do tomateiro. Palavras-chave:Licopersicon esculentum Mill., intensidade luminosa, ambiente protegido, cultivares.
The interaction Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) x nematode and the genetic variability of Foc are the main problems with potential to affect the use of resistant varieties in the management of the Panama disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between Foc and Meloidogyne javanica on the banana of the Prata Anã, Grande Naine and BRS Princesa cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with six treatments and ten replications, which differed in the inoculation time of each pathogen. Simultaneous inoculation with Foc and M. javanica, inoculation with Foc one week before inoculation with M. javanica, and inoculation with M. javanica one week before inoculation with Foc. In addition to the controls, Foc isolated, M. javanica isolated, and cultivars without the pathogens. The seedlings were transplanted in 3-liter pots with sterile soil infested with 40 grams of Foc inoculum at the concentration of 1x10 6 CFU/gram and 1000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica. At the end of 56 days, the treatments with 'Grande Naine' presented the highest reproduction factors of M. javanica. In the 'Prata Anã' no interaction was observed between Foc x M. javanica. The treatments with simultaneous inoculation of the two pathogens, and with Foc a week before, in the 'BRS Princesa', presented the highest external disease indices (DI), which promoted the highest AUDPC. The highest internal DI were observed in the treatments Foc+Mj+Grande Naine, Foc+Mj+BRS Princesa, Mj+Grande Naine+Foc and Foc+BRS Princesa+Mj. The simultaneous presence of M. javanica and Foc increases the severity of the Panama disease in Grande Naine and BRS Princesa cultivars. Keywords: Musa spp.. Fusarium wilt. Root-knot nematodes. Interaction. Panama disease. REAÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE BANANEIRA AO COMPLEXO Meloidogyne javanica X Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense RESUMO -A interação Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) x nematoide e a variabilidade genética de Foc são os principais problemas com potencial de afetar o uso de variedades resistentes no manejo do mal-do-Panamá. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a interação entre Foc e Meloidogyne javanica sobre as cultivares de bananeiras, Prata Anã, Grande Naine e BRS Princesa. O experimento foi conduzido em DBC, com seis tratamentos e dez repetições, os quais se diferenciaram no tempo de inoculação de cada patógeno. Inoculação simultânea de Foc e M. javanica, inoculação de Foc uma semana antes de M. javanica e inoculação de M. javanica uma semana antes de Foc. Além dos controles, Foc isolado, M. javanica isolado e cultivares sem patógenos. As mudas foram transplantadas em vasos de três litros com solo estéril infestado com 40 gramas de inóculo de Foc na concentração de 1x106UFC/grama e 1000 ovos e J2 de M. javanica. Ao final de 56 dias, os tratamentos em 'Grande Naine' apresentaram os maiores fatores de reprodução de M. javanica. Em 'Prata Anã' não foi observado interação entre Foc x M. javanica. Os tratamentos com inoculação simultânea dos dois patógenos e com Foc uma ...
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