-The objective of this research was to evaluate the seed longevity of Eragrostis plana Nees buried at different soil depths, in a natural-grassland area in the Pampa biome (46 m altitude, 30º05´S and 51º40´W) of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design was a split-plot type in complete blocks with two factors: seeds buried at five different depth levels (soil surface and 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 cm) and seven exhumation dates. The blocks were allocated in natural grassland grazed by cattle, allocated in a 12-m-long transection. Fifty-four permeable nylon bags filled with 100 seeds in each division, with five vertical divisions, were buried in each row. Seven exhumation dates were used: the first on October 14, 2003 and the last on January 14, 2006. The percentage of viable seeds of E. plana, collected at seven exhumation times and set at different depths in the soil horizon, were described by simple negative exponential equations. Based on the model, the percentage of viable seeds collected at the five depths, (soil surface and 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 cm), after 2.5 years of burial, were 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 7.4 and 22.1%, respectively. Increase in depth is directly associated with physical and physiological seed integrity of E. plana. Negative simple exponential equations can be used to predict seed longevity of E. plana buried in nylon bags. This invader species accumulates soil seed-bank of high longevity.
Os campos de cultivo de arroz constituem agroecossistemas que podem abrigar uma rica diversidade de plantas e animais, dependendo do manejo ao qual são submetidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os artrópodes associados ao arroz irrigado com manejo orgânico no período de desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo da cultura comparando a diversidade em relação à utilização de dois compostos orgânicos em diferentes doses. Os tratamentos foram a Testemunha (sem aplicação de composto); 2, 4 e 6 t ha-1 de dois compostos orgânicos (Ecocitrus® e Folhito®). Em cada tratamento foram definidos três transectos percorridos com rede de varredura para coleta dos artrópodes, quinzenalmente de dezembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014. Foram coletados no total 41.236 artrópodes de 11 ordens. As mais abundantes foram Diptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Coleoptera e Araneae. Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, Neuroptera e Phasmatodea foram as menos abundantes. Este é o primeiro registro de Schizaphis graminum em arroz irrigado no Brasil. Não houve diferença no número de capturas por transecto entre os tratamentos durante o ciclo do arroz. A maior abundância de artrópodes foi registrada no início da fase reprodutiva da cultura.
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