[Protocolo de reação em cadeia pela polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa para a detecção de vírus da raiva]

Resumo Visando avaliar a resposta imunológica produzida por vacinas anti-rábicas em primatas não humanos neotropicais, trinta sagüis (Callithrix sp) foram divididos em cinco grupos de seis indivíduos e submetidos a cinco diferentes esquemas de vacinação anti-rábica, utilizando-se duas vacinas animais distintas existentes no mercado. A primeira produzida em cérebro de camundongos lactentes (Fuenzalida e Palacios), e a segunda, em cultura de células NIL-2. Acompanhamento sorológico pós-vacinal foi realizado periodicamente. Os resultados mostraram que a vacina Fuenzalida e Palacios não foi eficaz para a proteção dos animais, utilizando-se uma única dose ou mesmo com o reforço. Porém, os sagüis apresentaram anticorpos detectáveis, ao adotar-se o esquema semelhante ao de pré-exposição indicado para os seres humanos, e apenas um animal contraiu raiva após o desafio viral. Por outro lado, a vacina produzida em cultura de células NIL-2 produziu elevados títulos de anticorpos em todos os animais imunizados e todos os animais resistiram ao desafio viral. Palavras-chaves: Raiva. Vacina. Imunização. Sagüi. Callithrix sp.Abstract In order to evaluate the immune response produced by rabies vaccines in new world nonhuman primates, thirty marmosets (Callithrix sp) were divided into five groups of six individuals and submitted to five different antirabies vaccination schemes using two distinct commercially available animal vaccines. The first was produced in suckling mouse brain (Fuenzalida and Palacios), and the second in NIL-2 cell culture. Post-vaccine serological monitoring was carried out periodically. The results showed that the Fuenzalida and Palacios vaccine was not able to protect the animals when using a single dose or even with a booster. But when submitted to a vaccination routine similar to that used for humans, the marmosets showed detectable antibodies, and only one succumbed to rabies after being challenged. In addition, the vaccine produced in NIL-2 cell culture induced high antibody levels in all vaccinated animals and all animals survived the viral challenge. Key-words: Rabies. Vaccine. Immunization. Marmoset. Callithrix sp. Dentre as numerosas zoonoses conhecidas, a raiva é considerada uma das mais importantes, devido ao seu desenlace invariavelmente fatal 24 . Assim, todos os cuidados devem ser tomados a fim de que se possa preservar as espécies suscetíveis e a sua profilaxia é a adoção mais importante, seja pelos aspectos de saúde pública, seja pelos aspectos econômicos. Atualmente, são adotados programas de controle da raiva através de rotinas de vacinação anual dos animais domésticos. Os animais silvestres, no entanto, se encontram permanentemente

Rabies is a public health and animal health issue with environmental, social and economic drivers and impacts. For decades, Lyssaviruses diagnostic research has been carried out independently at laboratories of several States of Brazil. In some areas activities have been developed for rabies prevention, such as the monitoring of the risk and also population control of haemathophagous bats. During the last years, however, the number of reports on human cases of rabies transmitted by bats and others wildlife animals in the North and North-East of Brazil increased, and new challenges had occur. Adequate dealing with situations of infected non-human primates (Callithrix jacchus) attacking humans and transmitting Lyssavirus in Ceará and D. rotundus spoliating pets, mainly dogs, in Rio de Janeiro has to be deployed. Th e feeding of Desmodus rotundus on pets has been reported lately with much more frequency close to urban areas, and eventually even persons are the victims. Th e new human case of marmoset-transmitted rabies in the State of Rio Grande do Norte beginning 2014, currently under investigation, demonstrate the urgency of information of technology and intersectoral investigations, allowing immediate follow-up, feed-bac and studies towards nidality, causes and possible solutions for these high risk events, starting at the local level. Usually rabies cases occurred in vulnerable populations and to address this neglected disease, there is need of awareness and educational activities that induce the aff ected population to look for post exposure prophylaxis in case of risk and also strengthening the training for "One Health" professionals to identify risk areas and for monitoring, prevention and interventions.

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