Background: Low-back pain is one of the most common reasons for work stress, poor health, sickness, and reducing the quality of life. While obesity is a growing public health concern, it was proved that obesity is a risk factor for lowback pain. Whereas obese low-back pain people cannot avoid weight load on the spine in any exercise, but they can easily carry out the exercise in water. This study aimed to know the effect of aquatic exercise on quality of life among obese low-back pain people. Methods: A total of 39 women with BMI≥27 kg.m -2 who had non-specific chronic low-back pain were purposively selected for this study. They randomly assigned in two groups; exercising (N=19, 37.85±5.83 years with 32.97±4.84 kg. m -2 ) and control group (N=20, 40.8±5.25 years with 31.87±4.79 kg.m -2 ). The exercising group carried out the aquatic exercise, twice per week, 60 minutes per session, for 12 weeks. Quality of life was measured using the SF-36v2 questionnaire with eight domains; physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. Results: The findings showed a significant (p≤0.001) improvement in the quality of life in the exercising group after 12 weeks. The significant improvement was found on seven domains of the SF-36v2 in the exercising group after the aquatic exercise intervention program while there was no significant effect on mental health (p=0.051). In the control group, a negative change in mean difference (-3.02) was observed in the mental health domain, while there was positive change (15.32) for exercising group. There was no significant change in BMI in both groups, also. Conclusion: Inconclusion, a 12-week aquatic exercise is an appropriate intervention program to improve the overall quality of life among obese women who are suffering from non-significant chronic low-back pain.

Total hip replacement (THR) is the most popular surgery been performed in orthopedic surgery due to the inclination of musculoskeletal disorder and the aging population worldwide. However, the implant’s cost-burdened the patient, especially in the ASEAN region. The main objective of this study was to fabricate the low-cost hip implant using direct laser metal sintering (DMLS). The framework starts with the three dimensional of hip anthropometric datasets from computed tomography scanner, followed with the design of hip implant, computational analysis using finite element, and finally fabrication using DMLS technique. The morphological results demonstrated the value of neck-shaft angle was 130.46º, and the femoral head offset of 30.35 mm. The finite element analysis showed strain distribution was 65 MPa for the implant in metaphyseal region and 110 MPa for intact femur under staircase physiological loading which indicated inhibition of stress shielding at medical calcar region, and micromotion was 4.8 µm which prevent the formation of fibrous tissue and promoting osseointegration between implant-bone interfaces. This study proposed the fabrication using the DMLS technique, which produced accurate implant with low-cost, which suits the ASEAN hip morphology that prolongs implant lifetime.

Background: Lateral Ankle Sprain (LAS) is one of the common sports-related soft tissue injuries that occur mainly in weight-bearing positions with plantar flexion and inversion mechanism and affects the athlete's functional ability's at ankle joint. Thus this study was aimed to find out the effects of MobEx intervention on functional ability among athletes. Methods: A total of 27 athletes with unilateral LAS were recruited for this study. The athletes were grouped by randomization into three groups. The experimental group (n=9) underwent MobEx intervention for six weeks, the placebo group (n=9) underwent placebo intervention for six weeks, and the Control group (n=9) with no interventions. The functional ability was measured by Foot and Ankle Ability Measures (FAAM) questionnaire for daily living, and sports subscale activities were assessed before the intervention, six weeks after intervention, and one month after the intervention. Results:The results revealed a significant difference in athletes' functional ability with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05). Conclusion:MobEx intervention was effective in improving the functional ability both in activities of daily living and sports subscale among athletes.

Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) causes pain, stiffness, muscular weakness, and walking difficulties, leading to physical inactivity and consequently the rise in obesity as a public health concern. This study aimed to compare the effects of aquatic and Thera-band exercises on pain intensity and endurance among obese people with KOA. In a cross-sectional study, 45 obese participants (n = 45; male = 22, female = 23) with KOA (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg.m -2 ) were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups; aquatic exercise (AqG), Thera-band exercise (TBG) and control (CG) groups. For eight weeks, the AqG and TBG groups performed the exercise program twice weekly at 60 min per session. The Mixed-ANOVA statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the effects of aquatic exercise, Thera-band exercise, and CG after eight weeks in terms of pain intensity (F: 2, 42= 34.18, p < 0.001) and endurance (F: 2, 42 = 11.425, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, both intervention groups had a significant effect on pain intensity (p<0.001) and only AqG revealed a significant difference in endurance (p < 0.046) compared with the CG. In addition, there was no significant difference between AqG and TBG in the improvement of pain intensity (p = 0.896) and endurance (p = 0.072). In conclusion, progressive aquatic and Thera-band exercises are alternative suggestions to improve pain intensity and aquatic exercise can also be more advantageous to recover endurance among people with KOA.

The objective of this study is to identify the injury risk factors of Perak male and female athletes who participating in contact and non-contact sports, meanwhile to suggest preventive strategies to all the sports personnel. The research design chosen was retrospective descriptive epidemiological study. The data from this study is examined based on intrinsic risk factors (Self Induce and Attire) and extrinsic risk factors (Third Party, Environment and Equipment). The descriptive statistics was utilized to analyze the research variables. The data collected for self status in self induce factor, finding revealed that body composition (51.1%) as highest risk followed by body status to play (41.7%), self-attitude (5.8%) and age difference (1.4%). Whereby, for factor of attire, more injuries occurred due to not wearing appropriate protective gear (47.5%) compared to inappropriate footwear (34.5%) and inappropriate clothing (18.0%). The extrinsic factors of third party that lead to injuries were mostly due to opponent (89.2%), contrary to referee (10.8%) and none from audiences. There was no injury reported due to playing equipment. This study finding revealed that playing surface was reported highest (75.5%) in environment factors followed by weather (24.5%). In the nutshell, injury rates can be reduced by identifying the injury risk factors and thus the life span of high performance athletes will be prolonged.