Summary
Covid‐19 placed unprecedented stresses on food supply chains. Farms faced bottlenecks for some inputs, notably seasonal labour. Processing was disrupted by labour shortages and shutdowns, especially in meat processing. Air freight, important for fruits and vegetables, was severely disrupted. Demand from restaurants and food service collapsed, while retail food demand surged. Yet supply chains in the developed world have been remarkably resilient to date. Store shelves were replenished as stockpiling behaviour subsided and as supply chain actors expanded operating hours, increased staff, simplified the product range and found alternative suppliers. This rapid recovery was facilitated by policy decisions to reduce border waiting times, to streamline certification procedures and to relax regulations on trade in food. Importantly, policymakers have so far mostly avoided a repeat of the mistakes of the 2007–2008 food price crisis, which was greatly exacerbated by export bans. Some bottlenecks remain, and there may be new supply risks as Covid‐19 spreads in Latin America. Overall, the biggest risk to food security is not food availability, but consumers’ loss of income. Safety nets and food assistance are essential to avoid an increase in hunger, especially in developing countries.
Thirty-two patients who had pronation-lateral rotation (PLR) fractures occurring four centimeters or more proximal to the ankle joint or lower if the talus was displaced greater than one centimeter laterally were enrolled in this study. Seventeen patients were randomized to fibular plate fixation with a 4.5 ml polylactic acid (PLA) bioabsorbable syndesmotic screw, and fifteen patients randomized to fibular plate fixation with a 4.5 mm stainless steel syndesmotic screw. All thirty-two patients had uncomplicated healing of their fibular fracture without loss of reduction. There was neither evidence of osteolysis nor sterile effusion in the patients who were treated with the PLA screw. There were no wound complications in either group. No difference in range of motion or subjective complaints was noted in either group. Use of the PLA syndesmotic screw at short-term follow-up was well tolerated and avoided the need for subsequent screw removal.
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