Treatment of pregnant mice ip with 5 mg/kg ochratoxin A on one of gestation days 7–12 resulted in increased prenatal mortality, decreased fetal weight (with the exception of those treated on day 9), and various fetal malformations. Exencephaly and anomalies of the eyes, face, digits, and tail were the most common defects. The most severe malformations were complete median facial clefts associated with exencephaly and eye defects. Skeletal defects also were noted involving the ribs, vertebrae, and skull.

The healthcare system in Korea provides coverage to all the people who are residing in Korea, so the data of the Korea healthcare system are national-wide and relatively accurate. We obtained the recent 5-year data (2004–2008) on the treatment of BPH from the national health insurance system. We tried to determine the trends or changes of BPH treatments in Korea. Over 3.8 million men visited clinics and were prescribed one or more BPH medications, and more than 44 000 men underwent surgical treatment during 2004–2008. Compared with the year 2004, two times the patients were prescribed BPH medications in 2008. With respect to the surgical treatment, the number of cases was increased 1.6 times in 2006 compared with the previous years. The most commonly used surgical option was TURP before 2006, but laser therapy was carried out as much as TURP in 2006 and in the following years. The relative risk of laser therapy in the 50 s is 1.53 (95% CI is 1.47–1.59). In conclusion, our national-wide data for the Korean BPH patients show that these patients' medical treatment increased during the 5 years from 2004 to 2008. Laser treatment had increased and it might replace TURP in several years.

IntroductionThe British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guideline on the management iron deficiency anaemia advocates the use of unprepared CT scans for patients who are elderly frail or have significant co-morbidity (in those not suitable for endoscopy). The guideline does state that unprepared CT may miss cancerous lesions. Despite this, CT scanning is regularly used as a diagnostic modality for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.We have data of CT reports of patients with endoscopically diagnosed upper GI (UGI) and lower GI (LGI) cancers from 2014–2015 in Kettering General Hospital (KGH). We are auditing the proportion of GI cancers not detectable on CT scans.MethodsData was analysed between January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2015 from endoscopy and radiology reporting systems to see what proportion of cancers were not detectable on CT scans. This covers two cohorts, patients (with GI cancers) with unprepared CT (days after index endoscopy) and patients that had their CT immediately post endoscopy (same-day – hence fasted pre-endoscopy for UGI endoscopy and prepared colons for LGI endoscopy).ResultsValues represent cancers not detectable on CT scans.Unprepared CT: LGI cancers 2 out of 78 (2.56%), UGI cancers 2 out of 29 (6.90%)Prepared CT: LGI cancers 7 out of 68 (10.29%), UGI cancers 0 out of 25All CTs: LGI cancers 9 out of 146 (6.16%, 95% CI 3.23–11.15%)UGI cancers 2 out of 54 (3.70%, 95% CI 1.02–12.54%)All cancers 11 out of 200 (5.50%, 95% CI 3.10–9.58%)ConclusionOur audit shows that whilst CT scanning picks up the vast majority of endoscopically detected GI cancers, 6.16% of LGI and 3.70% of UGI cancers are not detected on CT. This rate isn’t improved in the prepared CT cohort (having CT immediately post endoscopy). Overall, 11 out of 200 cancers were not detected on CT (5.50% 95% CI 3.10–9.58%). Clinicians need to bear this in mind when using CT scanning to diagnose/rule out GI cancers.Reference1 Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre, AS, Scott BB, on behalf of the British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency Anaemia. Gut 2011;60:1309-1316. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.228874Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

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