The key role of a cryoprotectant is to minimize the chemical and physical stress which occurs during cooling, freezing and thawing of semen. The difference between the cryoprotectant (CPA) occurs in their permeability coefficient and the structural model of the cryogenic agent. The beneficial effect of dimethylacetamide (DMA) as a cryoprotectant especially for sperms had been observed in several studies. The aim of the study was to study the cryoprotective effect of DMA in freezing the Malabari buck semen compared to glycerol. Ten ejaculates were taken from fourMalabaribucks . After preliminary evaluation sample split technique was followed with Tris based extender containing glycerol (6.7 per cent) as cryoprotectant (control) and Trisextender containing DMA (3 per cent) as cryoprotectant (treatment group). The semen straws (0.25mL) after filling were subjected for equilibration and manual freezing. Sperm kinetics was studied using computer-aided sperm analyzer. Pre-freeze and post-thaw evaluation included sperm viability, sperm abnormality, hypo osmotic test, acrosome integrity test and DNA fragmentation. Results indicated that inclusion of 6.7 per cent glycerol had significantly higher (p<0.05) post-thaw values than DMA. From our study we conclude that 6.7 per cent glycerol was better than 3 per cent DMA in cryopreservation of Malabari buck semen.

Bacterial contamination of uterus at the time of parturition and early puerperium is inevitable in almost all the cattle in the herd and presence of bacteria in the uterine lumen could be detected during the first two weeks

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Bacillus spp. and Fusobacterium necrophorum (F. necrophorum) are the common bacterial agents isolated from postpartum endometritis in dairy cattle. The objective of the present study was to determine the association of E. coli with postpartum endometritis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: The present study was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala and organised dairy farms in Wayanad district, Kerala. Endometrial cytobrush samples (n = 36) were collected by cytobrush technique at 28 to 35 days postpartum (dpp). 16S rRNA gene was employed for the identification of E. coli by PCR.Result: Upon evaluating endometrial cytological smear, 26 animals were positive for endometritis with more than 5% polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. The prevalence of endometritis was 72.22 per cent (26/36). E. coli was detected in 12 samples by PCR. The study suggested PCR as a highly sensitive method for the identification of E. coli associated with endometritis in postpartum dairy cows.

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