BACKGROUND Computer tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in elucidating the etiological diagnosis and identifying the extent of orbital lesions related to thyroid eye disease, cellulitis, orbital osteomyelitis, bone tumours, mucocele, orbital varices and cavernous hemangioma. This study was intended to assess the diagnostic utility of CT in patients presenting with orbital lesions. METHODS We enrolled 30 consecutive patients presenting with orbital lesions, who underwent complete ophthalmological, systemic examination, computerized tomography, and other appropriate systemic investigations over one year period. RESULTS In our clinical cohort of 30 patients, the spectrum of encountered orbital lesions included thyroid eye disease in 8 (26.6 %), orbital fractures in 5 (16.6 %), pre-septal hematoma in 3 (10 %), cellulitis in 3 (10 %), lymphoproliferative lesions in 2 (6.6 %), orbital lymphomas in 2 (6.6 %), orbital mucocele in 2 (6.6 %) cavernous hemangioma in 1 (3.3 %), frontal bone osteomyelitis in 1 (3.3 %), orbital varices in 1 (3.3 %), osteoma in 1 (3.3 %) and orbital meningioma in 1 (3.3 %) patients. Proptosis was observed in 22 (77 %) patients. On CT imaging, lesion attenuation was hyperdense in 28 (92 %) and isodense in 2 (8 %) patients. Lesions were extraconal in 19 (63 %), conal in 8 (27 %) and intraconal in 3 (10 %) patients. Extraocular muscle involvement was seen in 8 (27 %) and bone involvement in 11 (37 %) cases. CONCLUSIONS Computerized tomography in the orbital lesions accurately established the nature and extent of lesions. In 100 % of cases, CT was helpful in deciding appropriate systemic investigations to establish the etiological diagnosis. KEY WORDS Computerized Tomography, Orbital Lesions, Etiological Diagnosis.

BACKGROUND Visual field defects are caused by different lesions affecting different sites of visual pathway. Most common causes include stroke and intracranial space occupying lesions. Assessment of visual field defect helps in localization of the lesion along with measurement of the defect. The purpose of this study was to record different types of visual field defects in neuro-ophthalmic diseases. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was conducted between February 2016 and March 2018 at Department of Ophthalmology, SVRRGG Hospital. Visual field testing was done by confrontation method and Humphreys field analyser with best corrected visual acuity. Patient satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria are included in the study. RESULTS Among the 58 participants, 37 (64 %) were males and 21 (36%) were females. Cerebrovascular accident was seen in 25 cases which was the most common aetiology followed by pituitary adenomas in 14 cases. Complete homonymous hemianopia was observed in 16 cases which was the most common field defect followed by bi-temporal hemianopia in 12 cases, enlargement of blind spot in 11 cases, incomplete homonymous hemianopia in 7 cases, superior and inferior quadrantanopia in 4 cases each, inferior altitudinal field defects in 2 cases, central scotomas in two cases and superior altitudinal field defect in one case. CONCLUSIONS Visual field defects are used to monitor the progression, recurrence of disease and as a guide for treatment. It is mandatory to record the fields in the neuroophthalmic diseases. KEY WORDS Visual Field Defects, Neuro-Ophthalmic Diseases