Background. Head injuries contribute to almost 50% of all injuries. Head injuries are still one of the major causes of loss of life and loss of function among young adults. Nowadays, head injury has become a major community problem. Recently, head injury has become one of the biggest issues of almost more than 57 million people in the whole world living with the neurological problem raised by TBI, in which 10 million people require hospital base care. Objectives. To determine the epidemiological aspects of patients with head injury (HI) in Aseer Central Hospital (ACH). Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were gathered from patients’ files and the registrar’s database of ACH. The study duration was January 2015–December 2017. All patients with head injury admitted to ACH during the study duration were included in the study. SPSS software was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics were obtained (mean SD frequencies, percentages). Statistical tests, t test, and chi-squared test were applied to measure the significant difference among the variables. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as a significant difference. Results. There were 353 patients with head injury, and the mean ± SD of age was 27.01 ± 13.9. Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) accounted for (89.3%) of head injury. A total of 87.3% of the patients were male while 12.7% were female. Conclusion. In this study, we observed that MVA is the leading cause of brain/head injuries in the KSA, despite the implementations of new speed rules. However, with new regulations of forbidding cell phone use while driving and forcing the seat belt regulations, a major impact on these numbers is expected in the future. Thus, a future study is recommended to assess these expectations.

Background: Brain tumors are associated with marked disability and mortality. Understanding the patterns and epidemiological characteristics associated with brain tumors can be crucial to their treatment. Objective: To explore the magnitude and epidemiological features of primary brain tumors among patients admitted to Aseer Central Hospital (ACH), Abha City, Saudi Arabia, and to identify different decisions for their management. Methodology: All hospital records of brain tumor patients admitted to ACH from 2015-2017 were reviewed. Collected data included patients' demographic characteristics, clinical findings, histopathological diagnosis, and management. Results: During the aforementioned period, a total of 100 patients with primary brain tumors were admitted to ACH. The most commonly presenting symptoms were headache (72%), vomiting, dizziness, and focal motor deficits (25% for all). Tumor location was mostly at the frontal or parietal lobes. Among those who underwent surgery, meningioma grade I was the most frequently diagnosed (41.7%). The mean surgical time was 4.2 ± 1.6 h. Most patients who underwent surgery at ACH stayed in the intensive care unit anywhere from 1 d or 2-4 d (34% and 40%, respectively). The Glasgow outcome scale scores of most patients (91.7%) indicated that the patients had a good recovery. However, one patient died (1.7%), one was in a persistent vegetative state (1.7%), and three sustained moderate disability (5%). Conclusion: Most patients with brain tumors admitted to ACH undergo surgery. Meningioma grade I is the most commonly encountered brain tumor, and this finding may reflect different epidemiological findings from the internationally accepted concept that glioblastoma multiforme is the most common brain tumor. The most common locations for brain tumors are the frontal and parietal lobes.

Background: Despite the apparent benefits of disease-modifying drug (DMD) use among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, their rates of adherence are often variable and in some cases are quite low. Aim of the study: To assess medication adherence and its relationship with treatment satisfaction of MS patients in Saudi Arabia Patients and methods: Following a cross-sectional design, 598 adult MS patients were recruited from all tertiary care hospitals in all regions of Saudi Arabia. Patients' medication adherence was assessed using the Arabic version of the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Treatment satisfaction was assessed using the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication. Disease severity was assessed using the Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS). Results: The most used drug was interferon beta-1b (24.1%), while 18.7% were using interferon beta-1a and 17.4% were using fingolimod. Patients' mean PDDS was 2.8 ± 1.9. Only 9.7% were "adherent" to medication. Patients' adherence differed according to their educational level (p < 0.001), their currently received medications (p = 0.032), with those on Fingolimod having the highest adherence (17.3%). Treatment satisfaction was significantly higher among adherent patients (p < 0.023). The main reasons for changing prescribed drugs were the presence of attacks, i.e., response to treatment was substandard (41.8%) and the experienced side effects of used drugs (39.9%). PDDS differed significantly according to patients' treatment adherence only among those receiving interferon beta-1b, with higher mean severity score among those who were adherent (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Medication adherence among MS patients in Saudi Arabia is low. Higher adherence is associated with patients' higher education. The main underlying reasons for changing prescribed drugs are the presence of attacks, substandard response to treatment, or suffering the DMDs' side effects. Medication adherence is associated with higher treatment satisfaction.

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BACKGROUND New studies has revealed the consumption of energy drinks as a common, linked with potential risky hyperactivity/inattention behaviour among the adolescent and especially college students. To assess the prevalence of the energy drinks consumption and to evaluate hyperactivity/inattention behaviour symptoms among the adolescent intermediate and high school male and female students in Abha city. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed among students who were studying in the intermediate and high school. Schools were randomly selected and all students (N=602) participated with consent. Total sample size included 602 students, 50% students from intermediate school and 50% students from high school. The tools used in the present study to collect the information from the students were a structured standardised questionnaire includes the basics characteristic, demographic and consumption of energy drinks related information. RESULTS Prevalence of the energy drinks consumption among students studying in intermediate and high school level was 303 (50.3%). Male 162 (53.3%) are more consuming energy drinks than female 141 (46.7%). Students who are studying in high school (56.1%) drinking more energy drinks than students (43.9%) in higher level. Mean score of SDQ was 21.53±5.414 falling in abnormal category. Mean±SD score of the hyperactivity subscale of the SDQ was 3.76±1.980. Female students 66 (21.9%), p=0.162 are more likely to score hyperactivity subscale compared to male students 52 (17.3%) (Table 1). Bivariate logistic regression analysis (Table 2) revealed that there was a significance association found with risk of hyperactivity/inattention (OR=2.47, 95% Cl=1.61, 3.78) who consumed energy drinks. Most of the types of energy drinks types were associated with hyperactivity as regression analysis results shown. No association observed with study levels. CONCLUSION Energy drinks consumption among students of Abha City studying in high school and intermediate has been seen very high. Parents need to be more educated about the potential risk of energy drinks. Bottles should be labelled with content information and its health effects so that students can take more precautions. Health authorities can play very vital role in executing the health campaigns and programs related to harmful effects of energy drinks.