No abstract

Introduction : Head and neck cancers can arise in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, thyroid, and salivary glands and include a variety of histopathologic tumours. Squamous cell cancer (SCC) is the most common pathological type of head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: This is prospective, Observational and comparative study. The diagnosis of untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region, i.e., oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx in advanced stage III, IVA or IVB SCCHN was confirmed by a radiation oncologist prior to the initiation of the treatment. Results : Patients were considered to comply with radiation treatment if they completed 70 Gy within 45 days. Chemotherapy compliance (six cycles in weekly or 28-30 cycles in daily cisplatin) were 63% and 73%, respectively. The primary reason for noncompliance toward chemotherapy (37% vs. 27% in weekly vs. daily Cisplatin studies, respectively) was due to the development of excessive toxicity. This also included those who left treatment midway (due to any reason) or died during therapy. Conclusions : Therefore, if an intensified treatment protocol has to be used, i.e. modest acceleration along with either "weekly" or "daily" cisplatin, both can be used, provided patients are selected properly and due attention is paid to timely and adequate supportive care.

Objective: To compare high-frequency transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) and spiral computed tomography (CT) with colonoscopy in diagnosis of colon cancer. Design: A prospective comparative study of accuracy of USG and CT scan with colonoscopy. Subjects: Sixty patients with a clinical suspicion of colon cancer after a detailed clinical history and a thorough clinical examination were included. Patients with a known diagnosis of colon cancer or in whom histopathological diagnosis could not be established were excluded. Methods: All 60 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent transabdominal USG, CT scan-abdomen & pelvis, followed by colonoscopy. The CT and USG scans were reported by different radiologists without previous knowledge of any findingsof the other test or of the subsequent colonoscopy. The colonoscopy was performed by different clinicians, none of whom was aware of the USG or CT diagnosis. Result: Colonoscopy diagnosed 29 patients with colon cancer out of 60 enrolled patients. USG detected colon cancer in all the 29 patients with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 87.1%. CT scan diagnosed colon cancer in all the 29 patients with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 74.2%. Conclusions: Colonoscopy is still necessary when a suspicious lesion is identified. However, CT and USG can screen out suspected patients who can be subsequently referred for colonoscopy. This would reduce the need for colonoscopy in a large proportion of clinically suspected patients andalso avoidan invasive procedure like colonoscopy as first line investigation in elderly patients suspected of having colonic cancer.

Introduction: "Breast cancer is one of the foremost reasons for cancer death in the fewer developed countries of the world. This is partially because a change in lifestyles it's affecting growth in occurrence and partially because of clinical advances to combat the disease are not reaching women existing in these regions. Adjuvant radiotherapy given subsequent operation for primary carcinoma of the breast has been revealed to reduce the occurrence of locoregional reappearance from 30% to 10.5% at 20 years and breast cancer deaths by 5.4% at 20 years. Materials and Methods: 40 patients by initial-stage breast cancer underwent calculated tomography. 2 diverse treatment strategies were created for each patient: the wedge-based (conventional) strategy and the FIF plan. Dosimetric parameters and monitor components were associated with paired sample t-test. Results: FIF technique gained significantly lower dose homogeneity index, lower maximum doses, and higher median doses in PTV (P<0.05). Similarly, the conformity index, and mean doses were higher in the FIF technique but the changes were not significant (P>0.05). In ipsilateral lungs, FIF significantly reduced the maximum and mean doses (P<0.05), and showed a tendency to reduce V20 (P>0.05). In patients with left-sided breast cancer, minimum and maximum doses and V40 of heart were significantly decreased in FIF plans (P<0.05). Doses to the contralateral lungs did not differ significantly. Conclusion: These results along with significantly fewer monitor unit's essential for therapy in FIF suggest that this technique may be more advantageous during breast irradiation.