Pharmaceuticals are produced and consumed in greater quantities every year. Unfortunately, not all medicines given to patients are used up; significant amounts are left unused or expired. The accumulation of medications in the home and the improper Disposal of unused medications can result in inappropriate medication sharing, unintentional childhood poisonings, and the diversion of medicines for illegal use. Aims: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice on safe Disposal of unused and expired pharmaceutical products among pharmacy students, and to assess the most common categories of drug products that are kept unused at home, the reasons for stocking up and the most preferred ways to dispose of them. Study Design:  A Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacy students during the period of March 2022 to August 2022. Methodology: We included 402 students (209 male, 193 females; age range 18-25 years) from different pharmacy departments (D. Pharm, B, Pharm and Pharm. D). Data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, mean, standard deviation and percentages were used to summarize the data. Results: A total of 402 pharmacy students participated in the study. Among the study participants, approximately 81% of the respondents had leftover medicines at home and the most common types of medicines kept in households were NSAIDS (29.89%) followed by antibiotics (24.06%). The most preferred ways of disposing of both unused and expired medicines among the study population were throwing them away in household garbage (55.5%) and disposing of them in their original package and dosage form (22.60%). Conclusion: The majority of the students were aware of the adverse effects of unsafe Disposal of leftover medicines and they mentioned the need for schemes like drug takeback programs to encourage safe Disposal. Though respondents had good knowledge, the right attitude toward and practice of safe Disposal of medicines were lacking.

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Aims: To compare the impact of covid-19 infection and its associated factors among various domains of quality of life (general health (GH), physical health (PH), mental health, and pain). To determine the variation and it’s contributing factors to the quality of life (QoL). To identify the most common persisting symptoms after covid-19 infection. Study Design: Cross-sectional community based online survey. Place and Duration of Study: Community-based online survey done for a period of 6 months (March 2021- September 2021) among patients who recovered from covid-19. Methodology: A validated self-made questionnaire with informed consent was used to gather information on the patient’s demographics (age, gender, educational qualification, occupation, marital status, and risk factors) covid-19 details (vaccination, severity, and hospitalization details), persisting symptoms, andHealth Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The HRQoL questions with scored options were framed under four domains general health, physical health, mental health, and pain. A convenient sample of 120 participants was included in our study. Results: The median and inter-quartile ranges were used to describe the HRQoL score. For normal data, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was used to investigate the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.MLR results demonstrated that risk factors, severity, and length of hospital stay were negatively associated with QoL. For non-normal data, the Kruskal Wallis test (KWT) and Mann Whitney U (MWU) test were used to compare the effect of covid-19 and its associated factors among various domains of HRQoL. KWT and MWT showed that the ability to perform physical activity was highly impaired in most post-covid patients. Cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and headache were the significant persisting symptoms of covid-19, reported by our participants. IBM SPSS software version 28.0 was used for statistical analysis. Conclusion: We conclude that health care intervention is needed to manage persisting symptoms and to improve HRQoL.