For years, the presence of clubroot disease and its causal agent, Plasmodiophora brassicae, in Mexico has been given by granted. However, after a long search in the scientific literature in English and Spanish, as well as grey literature including thesis and government reports, we were not able to find any information regarding the actual detection of the pathogen, hosts affected, areas with the disease, or any real information about clubroot (‘hernia de la col’, in Mexico). To confirm if P. brassicae was indeed in Mexico, we started a true detective adventure. First, we identified agricultural communities in south-east Mexico known to grow cruciferous crops. Second, we asked to the growers if they have ever seen clubroot symptoms, showing them during the inquires pictures of the characteristic galls that might have been present in their crops. Third, we collected soil from two of the communities with positive response and grew an array of cruciferous in the soil as baits to “fish” the clubroot pathogen. We detected the presence of galls in the roots of 32 plants and observed the presence of resting spores. Through a P. brassicae specific PCR assay, we were able to confirm the presence of the clubroot pathogen in the samples and in Mexico for the very first time. This study is the first report and identification of P. brassicae in Mexico, opening the doors to understand the genetic diversity of this elusive and devastating plant pathogen.
Antecedentes: Canavalia ensiformis es una leguminosa forrajera de origen tropical ampliamente utilizada como abono verde. El uso de hongos micorrízicos y solubilizadores de fósforo es una alternativa agronómicamente viable y sustentable aplicada en cultivos de importancia económica. Hipótesis: La interacción de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares y solubilizadores de fósforo favorecerá la colonización micorrízica, la disponibilidad de fósforo y el crecimiento de las plantas de C. ensiformis. Métodos: Este estudio se realizó de marzo 2018-agosto 2019 en un invernadero con a planta cobertera C. ensiformis, un inóculo micorrízico y Penicillium brevicompactum, todas las posibles combinaciones con tres repeticiones en tres ciclos. Se evalúo la altura, número de hojas y nódulos por planta. Se tomaron muestras de raíces y suelo para determinar colonización micorrízica y P soluble. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA Factorial y test de Tukey (α=0.05). Resultados: En los tres ciclos, la micorrización fue significativamente mayor en las plantas inoculadas con la interacción HMA+HSF (Tukey < 0.05). Esta interacción favoreció un incremento de 3.07 mg/Kg de P soluble en el suelo. Los tratamientos de HSF y HMA+HSF incrementaron significativamente las variables de crecimiento de las plantas (altura y número de hojas) (p < 0.05). El número de nódulos osciló entre 46-76 y se detectó un efecto significativo del factor HMA (p < 0.05) y del HSF (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: La aplicación de las interacciones de HMA y HSF aumentó la colonización micorrízica, la disponibilidad de fósforo en el suelo y el crecimiento de las plantas de C. ensiformis.
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