Knitting
rigid aromatic building blocks using external crosslinkers
has been developed into an effective strategy for the synthesis of
porous polymers in recent years. Here, we report the synthesis of
porous chiral phosphoric acids by this strategy. Moreover, these porous
chiral phosphoric acids were found to enable highly enantioselective
dearomatization reactions. Remarkably, after being reused for 10 runs,
no obvious loss in catalytic activity and selectivity was observed.
The features of high reactivity, selectivity, stability, and recyclability
of these hyper-crosslinked porous chiral phosphoric acids are significant
for practical catalyst design.
Herein, we report a highly efficient synthesis of enantioenriched
aza-[3.3.1]-bicyclic enamines and ketones, a class of structural cores
in many natural products, via asymmetric dearomatization of indoles
with azodicarboxylates. The reaction is initiated by electrophilic
amination and followed by aza-Prins cyclization/phenonium-like rearrangement.
A newly developed fluorine-containing chiral phosphoric acid displays
excellent activity in promoting this cascade reaction. The absence
or presence of water as the additive directs the reaction pathway
toward either enamine or ketone products in high yields (up to 93%)
with high enantiopurity (up to 98% ee). Comprehensive density functional
theory (DFT) calculations reveal the energy profile of the reaction
and the origins of enantioselectivity and water-induced chemoselectivity.
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