The deep learning and mining ability of big data are used to analyze the shortcomings in the teaching scheme, and the teaching scheme is optimized to improve the teaching ability. The convolution neural network optimized by improved grey wolf optimization is used to train the data so as to improve the efficiency of searching the optimal value of the algorithm and prevent the algorithm from tending to the local optimal value. In order to solve the shortcoming of grey wolf optimization, an improved grey wolf optimization, that is, grey wolf optimization with variable convergence factor, is used to optimize the convolution neural network. The grey wolf optimization with variable convergence factor is to balance the global search ability and local search ability of the algorithm. The testing results show that the quality estimating accuracy of convolutional neural networks optimized by improved grey wolf optimization is 100%, the quality estimating accuracy of convolutional neural networks optimized by grey wolf optimization is 93.33%, and the quality estimating accuracy of classical convolutional neural networks is 86.67%. We can conclude that the medical education quality estimating ability of convolutional neural network optimized by improved grey wolf optimization is the best among convolutional neural networks optimized by improved grey wolf optimization and classical convolutional neural networks.