Four single crystals of fully dehydrated, fully indium-exchanged zeolite A (Inca. 10−Si12Al12O48 or Inca. 10-A, colorless) were exposed to 0.5 atm of H2S for 3 h at 298, 373, 423, and 573 K for crystals 1 to 4, respectively. After evacuation at temperature followed by cooling to 294(2) K, the crystals were red, brown, yellow, and yellow, respectively. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Pm3̄m at 294(2) K (a = 12.083(3), 12.076(2), 12.094(2), and 12.094(2) Å; R1 = 0.069, 0.063, 0.065, and 0.060; R2 = 0.062, 0.058, 0.064, and 0.060 for crystals 1 to 4, respectively). The structures differ in the degree of sorption and/or reaction with H2S. Crystal 1 (In9.5H0.5−A(InSH)0.5(H2S)2.5) may be viewed as being an equimolar mixture of two kinds of unit cells with compositions In9−A(H2S)3 and In10H−A(InSH)(H2S)2. Unit cell 1 contains three H2S molecules stabilized as [(In)2(H2S)3]2+ in the large cavity and a tetrahedral (In5) n + cluster in the sodalite unit. Unit cell 2 contains unreacted (In3)2+ and an [(In)2(InSH)(H2S)2]2+ cluster with one InSH and two sorbed H2S molecules, all in its large cavity. Crystal 2 (In8.4H1.2−A(In2S)0.6(H2S)2) may similarly be viewed as being 40% In9−A(H2S)2 and 60% In8H2−A(In2S)(H2S)2. In9−A(H2S)2 has two sorbed H2S molecules in a [(In)2(H2S)2]2+ cluster, whereas In8H2−A(In2S)(H2S)2 has a [(In)2(In2S)(H2S)2]2+ cluster with one In2S and two sorbed H2S molecules in the large cavity. At higher reaction temperatures (423 and 573 K), the product crystals had less InHS and sorbed H2S. All crystals contain tetrahedral (In5) n + where n is likely to be 7. The number of sorbed H2S molecules decreases monotonically with increasing reaction temperature. In2S and InSH molecules were observed only in the large cavities, where more monopositive indium cations were initially available.

ObjectiveThis study determined the prevalence and factors associated with peripheral neuropathy (PN) in subjects with diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose regulation (IGR), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in a community-based Chinese population.Research Design and MethodsA total of 2035 subjects in Shanghai were classified as having NGT, IGR, or diabetes. All subjects underwent complete foot examination. PN was assessed according to the neuropathy symptom and neuropathy disability scores. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the contributions of factors to PN.ResultsThe prevalence of PN was 8.4%, 2.8%, and 1.5% in diabetes mellitus, IGR, and NGT subjects, respectively (P<0.05 for diabetes vs. NGT, and IGR). The subjects with known diabetes had the highest frequency of PN (13.1%). Among the subjects without diabetes, those with PN were older, had a higher waist circumference and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose levels, and were more likely to be hypertensive. Among the IGR subjects, other than age, the 2-h postprandial plasma glucose level was an independent factor significantly associated with PN. Meanwhile, among the subjects with diabetes, PN was associated with fasting plasma glucose, duration of diabetes, and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PN is slightly higher in individuals with IGR than that in individuals with NGT, but small fibre damage in IGR as the earliest nerve fibre deficit may be underestimated in our study. As an independent risk factor, postprandial plasma glucose level may be an important target for strategies to prevent or improve PN in IGR subjects.

Over the past 30 years, China has been suffering from negative environmental impacts from distempered waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) recycling activities. For the purpose of environmental protection and resource reusing, China made a great effort to improve WEEE recycling. This article reviews progresses of three major fields in the development of China's WEEE recycling industry: legal system, formal recycling system, and advanced integrated process. Related laws concerning electronic waste (e-waste) management and renewable resource recycling are analyzed from aspects of improvements and loopholes. The outcomes and challenges for existing formal recycling systems are also discussed. The advantage and deficiency related to advanced integrated recycling processes for typical e-wastes are evaluated respectively. Finally, in order to achieve high disposal rates of WEEE, high-quantify separation of different materials in WEEE and high added value final products produced by separated materials from WEEE, an idea of integrated WEEE recycling system is proposed to point future development of WEEE recycling industry.

The kinetics of carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis by decomposition of CH 4 over Mo/Co/MgO and Co/MgO catalysts was studied to clarify the role of catalyst component. In the absence of the Mo component, Co/MgO catalysts are active in the synthesis of thick CNT (outer diameter of 7-27 nm) at lower reaction temperatures, 823-923 K, but no CNTs of thin outer diameter are produced. Co/MgO catalysts are significantly deactivated by carbon deposition at temperatures above 923 K. For Mo-including catalysts (Mo/Co/MgO), thin CNT (2-5 walls) formation starts at above 1000 K without deactivation. The significant effects of the addition of Mo are ascribed to the reduction in catalytic activity for dissociation of CH 4, as well as to the formation of Mo 2 C during CNT synthesis at high temperatures. On both Co/MgO and Mo/Co/MgO catalysts, the rate of CNT synthesis isproportional to the CH 4 pressure, indicating that the dissociation of CH 4 is the rate-determining step for a catalyst working without deactivation. The deactivation of catalysts by carbon deposition takes place kinetically when the formation rate of the graphene network is smaller than the carbon deposition rate by decomposition of CH 4 .