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a b s t r a c tIn this work, desalination of saline brines using the sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) process is investigated. The Taguchi method was applied for optimization of the operating parameters. An L 9 orthogonal array was used to investigate the influence of pertinent variables, including feed temperature (T f : 45°C, 55°C and 65°C), feed flow rate (Q f : 200, 400 and 600 mL/min), feed concentration (C f : 10, 25 and 50 g/L) and sweeping gas flow rate (Q c : 4, 10, and 16 SCFH) on the distillate flux. Results of the experiments showed that maximum distillate flux, which was about 10 L/m 2 h, obtained at 65°C feed temperature, 16 SCFH sweeping gas flow rate and brackish water with 10 g/L salt concentration were used. Feed temperature with a contribution of 52.8% had the major effect on the distillate flux. Moreover, the sweeping gas flow rate was found to be more effective compared with the feed flow rate, indicating the significance of the distillate side role in the SGMD process when it is used for brine desalination.

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Transitioning to a parenting role is a complex psychological process that can be stressful for a parent with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Over the past decade, important advances have been made in identifying the effects of childhood trauma on parents’ relationships with their children. This article presents a new theoretical framework that emerged from a scoping study of parenting experiences among adults who experienced CSA. The methods of Arksey and O’Malley were used to conduct the scoping study, and the guidelines for theory construction and model building developed by Jaccard and Jacoby were adopted. Only peer-reviewed published journal articles in English that studied exclusively CSA and its effects on parenting among individuals aged 18 years or older were included. Three resources for collecting data were used: (1) internet databases including PsycINFO and PubMed, (2) reference lists of review articles, and (3) the citation index functionality of Google Scholar for review articles. Forty-six articles were included in the scoping study. These studies mainly focused on mothers and their relationships with their children. No articles considered the age(s) at which parents experienced CSA and potential effects on parenting outcomes. In addition, there is limited knowledge about fathers with a history of CSA and their relationship with their children. The development of a theoretical framework designed through a methodologically driven identification of gaps in the body of knowledge provides a foundation for future research in this area.