A B S T R A C TGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the usual primary mesenchymal neoplasms of the GI tract. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are intestinal pacemaker cells that instigate peristalsis in the stomach and intestine, and are measured to be precursors of GIST. We are reporting a 17 year old boy with chronic constipation since childhood and a huge rectum in abdominal radiography, who underwent exploratory laparotomy, resection of huge rectum and construction of sigmoid colostomy. Pathology report was "Hyperplasia of Interstitial Cells of Cajal".

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Background: In this text, the important points of Avicenna's Canon of Medicine on hemorrhoidal disease and its treatment have been introduced in light of colorectal surgery. Objectives: The aim of this study is to briefly explain the hemorrhoidal disease and its treatment through different sections of Avicenna's Canon of Medicine. A unique feature of the Canon is careful and precise observations and description of the disorders and diseases. However, the recommended treatment differs from which that used today except in a few diseases. Methods: The most detailed chapter regarding hemorrhoid in Canon of Avicenna, under the title of "Anal disease," shows rather precise knowledge about anal disease and their surgical treatments in the 11th century. Results and Discussion: Avicenna explained in detail about anal diseases such as perianal abscess, fissure, rectal prolapse, and hemorrhoid in the 17th chapter of the 3rd volume of the Canon. Many herbs were used in anal disease by medieval physicians such as Avicenna had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, the knowledge of ancient physician can help us in developing new therapeutic methods.

Background: Determining the rate of bactibilia among patients under going laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and its correlations with predisposing factors and postoperative infections, which help evaluate the need for prophylactic antibiotic. Methods: In this prospective study, 85 consecutive patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis who underwent LC were enrolled from 2012 to 2013. Routine bile culture was done at the time of LC. Patients were divided into 2 groups, 1 with negative bile culture and another with bactibilia. Demographic and laboratory data were compared. Patients were followed up 10 days after their laparoscopy and 1 month after discharge to monitor the presence of infection. Results: A total of 7 cultures of bile were positive for bacteria (8.2 %). The patients' age was the sole factor with a significant relationship with the rate of bactobilia (P = 0.016). Within 10 days after surgery, fever and surgical site infection were detected in 10.6% of patients, which was not significantly different in the 2 groups. There were no complications in the 30-day follow-up. Conclusions: Detecting bactobilia with low frequency and the lack of correlation between bactobilia and postoperative infectious, complications did not support prescribing prophylactic antibiotic in respective patients. The older age was the sole predisposing factor for the development of bactobilia.

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