Objectives: This study compared the effects of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, Emdogain, and their combination (CEM/Emdogain) on differentiation and proliferation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, SCAPs were isolated from two sound immature impacted third molars and cultured. After ensuring their stemness by detecting cell surface markers they were exposed to CEM cement, Emdogain, and CEM cement coated with Emdogain for 24 and 72 hours. The control cells did not undergo any intervention. Cell viability [by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay], expression of odontogenic differentiation genes [by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)] and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (by ALP staining kit) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05).Results: Cell viability in the CEM cement and CEM/Emdogain groups decreased compared with the control group at 72 hours (P<0.05). Expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP) genes and ALP activity significantly increased in all three experimental groups compared with the control group at both 24 and 72 hours. This increase was substantially more significant in CEM/Emdogain group (P>0.05). The number of mineralized nodules significantly increased in all groups at 72 hours, with a higher rate in the CEM/Emdogain group.2 Conclusion: All biomaterials increased the differentiation of SCAPs, expression of odontogenic differentiation genes, and ALP activity, but CEM/Emdogain was considerably more effective for this purpose.

Objectives: This study compared the effects of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, Emdogain, and their combination (CEM/Emdogain) on differentiation and proliferation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, SCAPs were isolated from two sound immature impacted third molars and cultured. After ensuring their stemness by detecting cell surface markers they were exposed to CEM cement, Emdogain, and CEM cement coated with Emdogain for 24 and 72 hours. The control cells did not undergo any intervention. Cell viability [by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay], expression of odontogenic differentiation genes [by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)] and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (by ALP staining kit) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). Results: Cell viability in the CEM cement and CEM/Emdogain groups decreased compared with the control group at 72 hours (P<0.05). Expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP) genes and ALP activity significantly increased in all three experimental groups compared with the control group at both 24 and 72 hours. This increase was substantially more significant in CEM/Emdogain group (P>0.05). The number of mineralized nodules significantly increased in all groups at 72 hours, with a higher rate in the CEM/Emdogain group. Conclusion: All biomaterials increased the differentiation of SCAPs, expression of odontogenic differentiation genes, and ALP activity, but CEM/Emdogain was considerably more effective for this purpose.