Background Lipotropic molecules are effective therapeutic targets to counteract non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lipotropic compounds are capable of removing fat from the liver and/or manage the reduction of the synthesis or deposition of lipids in the liver. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lipotropic effects of the aqueous extract of leaves of Vernonia guineensis (AEVG) on rats fed high fat diet. Methods Twenty male rats with an average mass of 235 g were allow acclimatize for seven days, following which they were divided into four groups of five animals each. The test group was treated with high fat diet (HFD) and AEVG at 400 mg/kgBW, while positive control group received HFD and Fenofibrate at 100 mg/kgBW. The normal control group received a normal diet; and the negative control group received HFD. After 14 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed, blood and organs (liver, heart and kidneys), as well as the faeces were collected for the preparation of plasma and homogenates respectively. Some markers of lipid profil (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c,) and markers of toxicity (AST, ALT, γ-GT, creatinine) were evaluated. Results The results obtained showed that a HFD at the hepatic level led to the accumulation of lipids (triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC)) and had adverse effects on hepatic function by promoting cytolysis. At the plasma level, HFD induced hyperlipidemia. Administration of AEVG at 400 mg/kgBW improved the blood lipid profile and reduced the storage of TG and cholesterol in the liver. AEVG also promoted fecal cholesterol excretion and reduced atherogenic indices which include Total Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-c) and Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c/HDL-c). The extract exhibited hepato-protective activity (anticholestasis) and improved glomerular filtration. Conclusion These findings suggest that AEVG possesses lipotropic effects confirming its probable use in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its cardiometabolic complications. This virtue could be exploited for local pharmaceutical development.

Malaria is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa where it kills thousands of people every year mainly children under five years age. The burden of the disease has increased these recent years due to the rising costs as well as the development of resistances and toxicity associated with synthetic insecticides used to kill the malaria vector, the mosquitoes Anopheles. Therefore, it is important and urgent the search for other sources of insecticides. Plant-based products have emerged as a solution providing low-cost products with neglected side effects. In the present study, we prepared and evaluated repulsive candles containing oils of Azadirachta indica and Cymbopogon citratus, two plants well known for their repulsive effect against mosquitoes. Steam distillation of C. citratus dried leaves and mechanical pressing of dried seeds of A. indica afforded oils with a yield of 0.44 % and 16.98%, respectively. The presence of terpenoids was detected in both oils. The group of candles containing 2.5% of essential oils of C. citratus was found to be the most active exhibiting 80 - 95 % repellency. This study demonstrates the importance of using oils from medicinal plants for the formulation of repellent candles.

Background: The majority of pregnancies and births proceed without complications. However, all pregnancies present risks of complications that could endanger the maternal prognosis. One of the most serious of these complications is the bleeding during delivery. It’s often unpredictable nature, when it occurs, involves an urgent obstetric situation which requires early diagnosis and rapid and effective follow-up. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third phase of childbirth in the prevention of bleeding during delivery with our place of study, the obstetrical gynecology department of Kindia regional hospital (Konacri Guinea), with the aim of optimizing the follow-up care of pregnant women during their childbirth. Methodology: We carried out a case-control study with both retrospective and prospective data collection on the records of participants with cases of hemorrhage during delivery in the gynecology department of the Kindia regional hospital. Retrospective data collection covered a period of 25 months before the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth and concerned the control group of study participants, while the one of prospective data covered a period of 19 months after the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth from the 1st January 2019 to 30th September 2020 and concerned the cases group. The criteria for matching these two groups of study participants were the diagnosis and the follow-up of the delivery hemorrhage. Results: During our study period in the gynecology department of the Kindia regional hospital, we identified 223 cases of delivery hemorrhage out of 2198 deliveries before the period of introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage. This represents an incidence of 10.14%, compared to 73 cases of delivery hemorrhage out of 2714 deliveries during the period of the active follow-up care of the third stage. For an incidence of 2.68%. We found that the hemorrhages during delivery did not spare any age group and were observed for all parities. There were common reasons for admission before and after the integration of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth namely vulvar hemorrhage and physical asthenia, which were reflected in the clinical picture of all cases bleeding from the issue. In addition, headaches, dizziness, and thirst were found, but in different proportions and significantly less frequent since the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth. This sign were in this context the consequence of the state of shock with respective frequencies of 46.63% and 28.76% before and after the introduction of the active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth and anemia was present in all cases of delivery hemorrhage. Conclusion: The introduction of active follow-up care of the third stage of childbirth has reduced the frequency of delivery hemorrhages and may therefore help to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

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