Background: TMA-93 examines binding by images, a potential advantage for less-educated individuals. Objective: To obtain norms from older Spanish adults for TMA-93. Methods: A cross-sectional normative study was undertaken in a general neurology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in the Southern Spanish region of Andalusia. Partners of patients who attended the clinic were systematically recruited when eligible: aged 50 and over, no memory complaints, and a total score equal or above percentile 10 on Phototest. Age, gender, and educational attainment were considered as sociodemographic variables. TMA-93 was administered and the total score was registered. Results:The final sample contained 1,131 participants (mean age = 65.7, SD = 9.2), including 305 individuals (27%) who did not completed primary studies. The total score on TMA-93 showed a non-normal, left asymmetric, and leptokurtic distribution (median = 29, interquartile range = 27-30, range = 16-30) mitigated by lower education and older age. Stratified analysis by age and education showed wide variations of the scores for the 5-percentile. Conclusion: TMA-93 runs with a ceiling effect in non-cognitively impaired older Spanish adults. The score for the 5-percentile depends on age and education. The test is feasible for low-educated individuals.

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BACKGROUND The evolution of ischemic stroke is different according to sex and is one of the main causes of death in women. In the literature, it is not clear if this is due to biological differences or to disparities in medical care. Previous studies have shown that women are less likely to receive acute treatment, and stroke center type is an important predictor of door-to-needle times. We investigated whether women are attended in a similar way to men in the telestroke network with specialized stroke physicians. METHODS A prospective registry of ischemic strokes recorded in the centralized Andalusian telestroke network (CATI) was analyzed, focusing on sex differences. Demographic data, clinical characteristics (risk factors), neuroimaging data, treatment intervals, and clinical results (the modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) were collected. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the mRS at 90 days. RESULTS A total of 3009 suspected stroke patients were attended to in the telestroke network in the last three years, of which 42.74% were women. A total of 69.54% of the men and 63.85% of the women were diagnosed with ischemic stroke (p=0.002). Women were older (p>0.001) and less independent upon arrival (p=0.006) than men. There was no difference in the treatment received or in the treatment intervals between the groups. Importantly, there was no difference in mRS scores at 3 months between sexes. However, at follow-up, women had fewer imaging tests (p = 0.018) and fewer outpatient visits (p<0.001) than men. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference between men and women has been found in the acute treatment of stroke in a large telestroke network. However, the same is not true for the follow-up and management of patients after the acute phase. This fact supports that strict adherence to protocols, training, and specialization of care and providing equal attention prevents sex differences in stroke treatment and functional outcomes.

Varón de 31 años con dolor abdominal paroxístico de 2 meses de evolución y cuadro diarreico. Las pruebas complementarias realizadas pusieron de manifiesto la presencia de múltiples adenopatías, esplenomegalia, lesiones focales hipodensas en hígado y bazo, así como una masa intraasa en íleon terminal. Finalmente se establece el diagnóstico de sarcoidosis con afectación principalmente digestiva. Existen pocos casos descritos en la literatura científica de sarcoidosis gastrointestinal. Para el diagnóstico es necesario una sospecha clínica alta, y este se establece dentro de un contexto clinicorradiológico y anatomopatológico, excluyendo otras causas de granulomatosis.