Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Noninvasive detection and quantification of fat is becoming more and more important clinically, due in large part to the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Steatosis, the accumulation of fat-containing vacuoles within hepatocytes, is a key histologic feature of fatty liver disease. Liver biopsy, the current standard of reference for the assessment of steatosis, is invasive, has sampling errors, and is not appropriate in some settings. Several magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based techniques--including chemical shift imaging, frequency-selective imaging, and MR spectroscopy--are currently in clinical use for the detection and quantification of fat-water admixtures, with each technique having important advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. These techniques permit the breakdown of the net MR signal into fat and water signal components, allowing the quantification of fat in liver tissue, and are increasingly being used in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of fatty liver disease.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an important imaging technique in the evaluation of scrotal masses, providing a useful adjunct to ultrasonography (US). Although US is the modality of choice for initial evaluation of scrotal pathologic conditions because of its wide availability, low cost, and high sensitivity for detection of testicular and paratesticular disease processes, US findings may occasionally be inconclusive. MR imaging may provide additional information in these cases, often affecting patient management. This article reviews and illustrates the MR imaging features of solid extratesticular and intratesticular benign and malignant scrotal tumors, as well as nonneoplastic lesions that can mimic neoplasia. Normal scrotal MR anatomic features and optimal MR imaging technique are also presented.

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A SOMA for the CCRCC-specific SPC prognostic gene signature that is predictive of disease-specific survival and independent of stage was constructed and validated, confirming that SOMA construction is feasible.

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