The Dayton General Framework Agreement for Peace of late 1995 brought a ceasefire and an end to the killings in Bosnia. More than 11 years after its signing, some of Dayton's outlined aims for Bosnia remain unfulfilled or realized with mixed results. Late in 2005, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Dayton, leading world political figures raved about the successes of Dayton, but the immediate calls for the reform of Constitution included in the Dayton agreement, which followed the praise, are perhaps a better indicator of the Agreement's shortfalls in transitioning the Bosnian society from war to peace and subsequently creating a functioning state since its signing. The outlined aims of Dayton were undoubtedly ambitious. This article will examine the successes and failures of Dayton, within the framework of its own aims and jurisdiction -which themselves, in the process, evolved and changed -to protect human rights with respect to the freedom of movement, the return of refugees, and the war crime indictments.The Dayton General Framework Agreement for Peace of late 1995 brought a ceasefire and an end to the killings in Bosnia. More than 11 years after its signing, some of Dayton's outlined aims for Bosnia remain unfulfilled or realized with mixed results. Late in 2005, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Dayton, leading world political figures raved about the successes of Dayton, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) figures of a million returnees to Bosnia were cited, and Paddy Ashdown, the High Representative of the international community in Bosnia, traveled to Brussels to begin talks for possible negotiations for the stabilization and accession agreement with the European Union. However, the immediate calls for the reform of the Constitution included in the Dayton agreement, which followed the praise, are perhaps a better indicator of the Agreement's Hum Rights Rev (

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After the devastating earthquake that struck Albania on 26 November 2019, Cultural Heritage without Borders Albania launched a recovery project for one of the Roman-era towers of Durrës city walls. Tower C had partially collapsed, exposing three phases of historical development: the turn of the 5th to the 6th century C. E., the 13th century, and the 17th century. Destruction of this valuable heritage site at the centre of the largest port city in Albania prompted considerable reaction from the citizens of Durrës and the recovery process is being kept under tight scrutiny by both the local and the professional community. The site is visited by scores of locals every day, each with a different opinion of what to do and whether or not to reconstruct. This chapter explores aspects of stakeholder inclusion, drawing on our experience engaging and empowering professionals and local communities through conservation processes. The site is being used to bring together senior and ancillary craftspeople, professors and students, and senior and young professionals, so that the conservation process can serve continuous intergenerational learning and exchange. Training and engagement with the real challenges involved in any new conservation provides them an exceptional opportunity to learn about cultural heritage and their selves. Working together means challenging and hopefully overcoming differences and animosities.

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ABSTRACT:During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) cultural heritage was explicitly targeted and the state of destruction was extensive to both sacral and secular monuments. Two decades after the end of hostilities the perception of the historic environment is still defined from the angles of national, religious or ethnic belonging. Enabling recognition, reconciliation, tolerance and respect within the community of Stolac, Bosnia & Herzegovina through a better understanding and sharing of cultural heritage was the focus of this project. Stolac is representative of the problems in the region and stands out for its particularly sharp divisions. Until recently there was segregation with local schools and their curriculum was divided with cultural heritage generally not addressed.How can this small community engage with heritage and develop a dialogue that encourages tolerance, respect and as a base for development? How does one understand, then document areas significance to the community? Finally, how can technology assist? The focus of this paper is to relate the experiences and findings of a project that incorporated participatory imaging mapping and the use of technology to bridge between the internal borders of this small community. It will outline a methodology, experiences of the participants and results from their exercises in order to assist other communities facing similar issues.