The aim of this research was to examine marginal adaptation of three root end filling materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine and amalgam. Ninety single‐rooted extracted human teeth of the maxillary intercanine sector were used in the study. After the endodontic treatment and retrograde preparation, teeth were divided into three groups, depending on the root‐end filling material. Teeth were cut in longitudinal manner. Measurements of the total width of the marginal gap in micrometers were performed using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that MTA and Biodentine have better marginal adaptation compared to amalgam expressed through the mean value of the measured edge crack, however without significant difference (p > .05). Mean value of the measured edge crack in Group 1 (MTA) was 8.17 μm, in Group 2 (Biodentine) 8.53 μm, and in Group 3 (amalgam) 9.13 μm. All tested materials show a satisfactory degree of marginal adaptation, but MTA and Biodentine proved to be superior to amalgam.

Dental materials should be biocompatible, in order to prevent any adverse effects on the surrounding tissue caused by direct contact. The ideal root end filling material must have certain characteristics, including biocompatibility, satisfying marginal sealing quality, ability to permit or induce repair of alveolar bone, promote periapical healing and antimicrobial activity. In this study, the cytotoxicity of different materials (amalgam, MTA and Biodentine) was evaluated on a permanent fibroblast cell lines (MRC-5 and L929). The cytotoxicity of all three types of materials was investigated using standard biocompatibility tests: DET, MTT and agar diffusion test. MTT test showed that after 24 and 48 hours in both cell cultures, Biodentine had the largest percentage of citotoxicity. The lowest percentage of cytotoxicity showed MTA in both groups. After 72 h in both cell lines, the highest percentage of cytotoxicity had amalgam. The lowest percentage of cytotoxicity showed MTA in both groups. Observing the results of Agar diffusion test, there was no any discoloration detected, neither lysis of cells under the disc. Biocompatibility tests showed high level of cell compatibility of all three tested materials.

The term bone quality is not clearly defined and depends on many factors, such as bone density, bone vascularity, bone metabolism and other factors that may affect implant outcome. The assessment of bone volume and bone density is most common in planning the treatment of dental implants. Bone quality is an important predictor of primary implant stability, which influences the future implant osseointegration. Numerous classifications have been described for the evaluation of bone density. The most commonly used has been the one proposed by Lekholmu and Zarb. For the objective evaluation of bone density, conventional computed tomography (CT) or Cone Beam Computed tomography (CBCT), have been proposed. Both methods are reliable for the measurement of bone density, but preference is given to CBCT, due to the lower radiation doses, greater comfort for the patient and the lower prices. Pre-operatively defined bone density is a good indicator of the future success of implant therapy. In addition to the bone density, vascularity of the jawbone is an important factor of the quality of the bone for the osseointegration of dental implants. Laser Doppler is a simple method that can determine the vascularity of bone during implant insertion. The development of modern diagnostic methods for assessing the quantity and quality of the jawbone has enabled easier implant planning and has provided a secure outcome.